Ideological Responses to Classical Liberalism

Reactionary

A political stance that opposes radical change and seeks to maintain traditional values and structures.

Classical Conservatives

Political ideology that emphasizes tradition, hierarchy, and limited change in society.

Edmund Burke

An 18th-century philosopher who criticized the French Revolution for its radical shift towards liberal values.

Reign of Terror

A period of extreme political chaos and violence during the French Revolution, viewed by Burke as a consequence of liberalism.

Classical Conservative Ideas

Beliefs that advocate for a hierarchical society, limited suffrage, and governance by educated elites.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections, which conservatives believe should be restricted.

Common Good

The idea that leaders should prioritize the welfare of the community as a whole.

Stability via Tradition

The belief that maintaining customs and the status quo is essential for societal stability.

Chartists

A movement in the UK (1838-1848) that sought political reforms through the People’s Charter.

People’s Charter of 1838

A petition that demanded universal male suffrage, equal electoral districts, secret ballots, and other democratic reforms.

Universal Suffrage

The right for all adult men over 21 to vote, as proposed by the Chartists.

Utopian Socialism

A form of socialism that envisions ideal communities based on cooperation and equality.

Robert Owen

A social reformer who improved workers' lives at the Chorton Twist Company in the 1800s.

New Lanark

A model community established by Robert Owen that provided education, healthcare, and improved living conditions for workers.

Marxism

A political and economic theory advocating for a classless society and the abolition of private property through revolution.

Dictatorship of the Proletariat

A concept in Marxism where the working class holds political power after a revolution.

Democratic Socialism

A political ideology that seeks to achieve socialism through gradual democratic reforms rather than revolution.

NDP

The New Democratic Party, an example of a democratic socialist party in Canada.

UK Labour

A political party in the United Kingdom that represents democratic socialist principles.

SDP

The Social Democratic Party in Germany, advocating for gradual democratic change towards socialism.