Stem cells

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19 Terms

1
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name 3 stem cells

adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, plant stem cells (in meristem tissue)

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name the two key features of stem cells

1- they’re able to divide by mitosis to form more cells

2- they’re able to differentiate into specialised cells

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how are embryonic stem cells formed?

by zygotes which keep doing mitosis forming an embryo - the cells in an embryo are called embryonic cells

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can embryonic stem cells differentiate

yes

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can adult stem cells divide by mitosis and differentiate

yes

can only differentiate into différente types of blood cell

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what do plant stem cells differentiate into

palisade cells, phloem and xylem cells, root hair cells

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how long to plant stem cells persist

the plants whole life

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what conditions can be treated by stem cells

diabetes and paralysis

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what causes type one diabetes?

damage to the pancreas cells that normally produce insulin

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what is sometimes the cause of paralysis

damaged nerve cells

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what causes sickle cell anaemia

misshapen red blood cells

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how can stem cells be used to help

to replace the faulty cells with new cells

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what’s the most common technique for using stem cells?

extracting stem cells from early embryos, grow them in a laboratory, stimulate them to differentiate into the specialised cell needed, give to patient to replace faulty cell

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issues with using embryonic cells to replace faulty cells

1- requires embryonic stem cells (limited supply)

2- rejection (immune system may reject stem cells)

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Another method of using stem cells is using

adult stem cells

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positive of using adult stem cells

taken from the patient so wont cause rejection and no lack of supply

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negative of using adult stem cells

can only differentiate into different types of blood cell

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risks of using stem cells in medicine

1- virus transmission

2- tumor development

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ethical objection to suing embryonic stem cells

the embryos being used have potential for human life