Unit 1-3 Vocab AP lang

Ameliorate

(v.) To improve, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming.

Synonyms: Amend, Better
Antonyms: Worsen, Aggravate, Exacerbate

Aplomb

(n.) Poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity.

Synonyms: Composure, Self-Possession, Levelheadedness
Antonyms: Confusion, Embarrassment, Abashment

Bombastic

(adj.) Pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas.

Synonyms: Inflated, Highfalutin, High-Flown, Pretentious
Antonyms: Unadorned, Simple Plain, Austere

Callow

(adj.) Without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers.

Synonyms: Green, Raw, Unfledged, Inexperienced
Antonyms: Mature, Grown-Up, Polished, Sophisticated

Drivel

(n.) Saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense.
(v.) To let saliva flow from the mouth; to utter nonsense or childish twaddle; to waste or fritter away foolishly.

Synonyms: (n.) Balderdash, Hogwash, Tommyrot; (v.) Slaver

Epitome

(n.) A summary, condensed account; an instance that represents a larger reality.

Synonyms: Abstract, Digest, Model, Archetype

Exhort

(v.) To urge strongly, advise earnestly

Synonyms: Entreat, Implore, Adjure
Antonyms: Discourage, Advise Against, Deprecate

Ex Officio

(adj., adv.) By virtue of holding a certain office.

Infringe

(v.) To violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds.

Synonyms: Encroach, Impinge, Intrude, Poach
Antonyms: Stay in Bounds

Ingratiate

(v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense).

Synonyms: Cozy Up To, Curry Favor With
Antonyms: Alienate, Humiliate Oneself, Mortify Oneself.

Interloper

(n.) One who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder.

Synonyms: Trespasser, Meddler, Buttinsky

Intrinsic

(adj.) Belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part.

Synonyms: Immanent, Organic
Antonyms: Extrinsic, External, Outward

Inveigh

(v.) To make a violent attack in words, express strong disapproval.

Synonyms: Rail, Harangue, Fulminate, Remonstrate
Antonyms: Acclaim, Glorify, Extol

Lassitude

(n.) Weariness of body or mind, lack of energy.

Synonyms: Fatigue, Lethargy, Torpor, Languor
Antonyms: Energy, Vitality, Animation, Liveliness

Millennium

(n.) A period of one thousand years; a period of great joy.

Synonyms: Chiliad, Golden Age, Prosperity, Peace
Antonyms: Doomsday, Day of Judgement

Occult

(adj.) Mysterious, magical, supernatural; secret, hidden from view; not detectable by ordinary means.
(v.) To hide, conceal; eclipse.
(n.) Matters involving the supernatural.

Synonyms: (adj.) Supernatural, Esoteric, Abstruse, Arcane
Antonyms: (adj.) Mundane, Common, Public, Exoteric

Permeate

(v.) To spread through, penetrate, soak through.

Precipitate

(v.) To fall as moisture; to cause or bring about suddenly; to hurl down from a great height; to give distinct form to.
(adj.) Characterized by excessive haste.
(n.) Moisture; the product of an action or process.

Synonyms: (v.) Provoke, Produce; (adj.) Reckless, Impetuous
Antonyms: (adj.) Wary, Cautious, Circumspect

Stringent

(adj.) Strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste.

Synonyms: Stern, Rigorous, Tough, Urgent, Imperative
Antonyms: Lenient, Mild, Lax, Permissive

Surmise

(v.) To think or believe without certain supporting evidence; to conjecture or guess.
(n.) Likely idea that lacks definite proof.

Synonyms: (v.) Infer, Gather; (n.) Inference, Presumption

approbation

the expression of approval or favorable opinion, praise; official approval

assuage

to make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put an end to, appease, satisfy, quench

coalition

a combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose

decadence

decline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence

elicit

to draw forth/out, to bring out from some source (such as another person)

expostulate

to attempt to dissuade someone from some course or decision by earnest reasoning; to convince someone away from a point of view

hackneyed

used so often as to lack freshness or originality

hiatus

a gap, opening, break (in the sense of having an element missing)

innuendo

a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)

intercede 

to plead on behalf of someone else; to serve as a third party or go-between in a disagreement

jaded 

wearied, worn-out, dulled (in the sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence)

lurid

causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational; pale or sallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity or lack of restraint

meritorious

worthy, deserving recognition and praise

petulant

peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset (pet-peeves)

prerogative

a special right or privilege; a special quality showing excellence

provincial 

narrow in mind or outlook

simulate

to make pretense of, imitate; to show the outer signs of

transcend

to rise above or beyond, exceed, surpass

umbrage

shade cast by trees; foliage giving shade; an overshadowing influence or power; offense, resentment; a vague suspicion

unctuous

excessively smooth or smug; trying too hard to give an impression of earnestness, sincerity, or piety; fatty, oily; pliable

Abominate

(v.) to have an intense dislike or hatred for
SYNONYMS: loathe, abhor, despise, detest
ANTONYMS: relish, savor, cherish, esteem

acculturation

(n.) the modification of the social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another; the resultant blend
SYNONYMS: adaptation

adventitious

(adj.) resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause or character; accidental, not essential; (medicine) acquired, not congenital
SYNONYMS: extrinsic, incidental, fortuitous
ANTONYMS: essential, intrinsic, inherent, congenital

ascribe

(v.) to assign or refer to (as a cause or source), attribute
SYNONYMS: impute, credit, attribute

circuitous

(adj.) roundabout, not direct
SYNONYMS: indirect, meandering, winding
ANTONYMS: straight, direct, as the crow flies

commiserate

(v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress
SYNONYMS: feel sorry for, empathize
ANTONYMS: feel no sympathy for

enjoin

(v.) to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit
SYNONYMS: bid, charge, command, adjure
ANTONYMS: allow, permit

expedite

(v.) to make easy, cause to progress faster
SYNONYMS: accelerate, facilitate, speed up
ANTONYMS: hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct

expiate

(v.) to make amends, make up for; to avert
SYNONYMS: redeem, make amends for, atone, make reparation

ferment

(n.) a state of great excitement, agitation, or turbulence; (v.) to be in or work into such a state; to produce alcohol by chemical action
SYNONYMS: (n.) commotion, turmoil, unrest
ANTONYMS: (n.) peace and quiet, tranquility, placidity

inadvertent

(adj.) resulting from or marked by lack of attention; unintentional, accidental
SYNONYMS: accidental, unconsidered
ANTONYMS: deliberate, intentional, premeditated

nominal

(adj.) existing in name only, not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously
SYNONYMS: titular, token, trifling, inconsequential
ANTONYMS: real, actual, exorbitant, excessive

noncommittal

(adj.) not decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position or to say yes or no
SYNONYMS: cagey, uninformative, playing it safe, playing it close to the vest
ANTONYMS: positive, definite, committed

peculate

(v.) to steal something that has been given into one's trust; to take improperly for one's own use
SYNONYMS: embezzle, defraud, misappropriate,

proclivity

(n.) a natural or habitual inclination or tendency (especially of human character or behavior)
SYNONYMS: natural, bent, penchant, propensity
ANTONYMS: inability or incapacity

sangfroid

(n.) composure or coolness, especially in trying circumstances
SYNONYMS: poise, self-assurance, equanimity
ANTONYMS: excitability, hysteria, flappability

seditious

(adj.) resistant to lawful authority; having the purpose of overthrowing an established government
SYNONYMS: mutinous, rebellious, subversive
ANTONYMS: supportive, loyal, faithful, allegiant

tenuous

(adj.) thin, slender, not dense; lacking clarity or sharpness; of slight importance or significance; lacking a sound basis, poorly supported
SYNONYMS: flimsy, insubstantial, vague, hazy
ANTONYMS: strong, solid, substantial, valid

vitriolic

(adj.) bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like a strong acid)
SYNONYMS: withering, acerbic, mordant
ANTONYMS: bland, saccharine, honeyed, sugary

wheedle

(v.) to use coaxing or flattery to gain some desired end
SYNONYMS: cajole, inveigle, soft-soap, sweet-talk
ANTONYMS: coerce, browbeat, intimidate, strong-arm