Module 5 American history notes

4 goals

protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reforms, fostering efficiency

Theodore Roosevelt

was a president of the US from 1901-1909

Florence Kelly

social reformer who advocated for improving the lives of women and children

Prohibition

a program reformers did which was the banning of alcoholic beverages

Muckraker

journalists that are exposing issues, wrong doings, of society and fighting for political issues

Progressive movement

social reform movement in the early 20th century

Booker T. Washington

he thought that racism would end if blacks get labour skills

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

a university in Alabama

W.E.B. Du Bois

first African American to finish his degree in Harvard, disagreed with Washington, he thought that everyone needed leadership skills and those skills

Niagara Movement

Du Bois founded this movement which encouraged liberal arts study, believes well-educated future leaders are needed

Plessy v. Ferguson

supreme court case that upheld the Jim Crow laws, segregation legal in public places, allows separate but equal

Jim Crow laws

segregation laws

Poll tax

a tax you had to pay annually to vote

By the 1900s, southern states restrict voting and officials also gave literacy tests

Grandfather clause

it said that if your grandfather voted before the 1867 then they can vote

Segregation

separation of people based on their race

Debt Peonage

system of slavery to work off debt to employers, in 1911 the supreme court declares it unconstitutional

Ida B. Wells

reformer and social activist, fought against lynching and exposed racial violence through journalism

Poor women had to work for wages (farmers) and only middle and upper class can devote themselves to their home and family

Women in farms

harvesting and raising livestock

Women in industry (after 1900)

only earned half a man’s salary, 1

Domestic workers

in 1870, 70% of employed women do domestic work, discriminating job because it was only for African American women or immigrants, women couldn’t own property until 1839 when Mississippi passes Married Women’s Property Act

NACW

National Association of Coloured Women, cared for the child's care and education for women

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

reformer who founded the NAWSA

NAWSA

National American Women Suffrage Association, right to vote

Suffrage

the right to vote

A three-part strategy for suffrage

convince state legislatures to give women right to vote, test 14th amendment, state lose representation if deny men vote, push for constitutional amendment to give women the vote

Theodore Roosevelt

sickly child, ambitious and rises through New York politics to become governor, youngest president at 42 years old

Trustbusting

in the 1900, the trusts control about ⅘ of US industries

So he said that they needed to be broken under the Sherman Antitrust Act

1902 coal strike

wanted better wages, shorter hours, Roosevelt and federal government intervened so the hours got better but the full union wasn’t fully recognized

Railroad regulation

Roosevelt pushes for federal regulation to control abuses, Elkins Act (stops rebates, sudden rate change) and Hepburn Act (limits prices of tickets, ICC to set maximum rates)

Square Deal

Rossevelt’s progressive reforms for the country

Upton Sinclair

muckraking journalist who wrote ‘The Jungle’

The Jungle

Sinclair’s book that showed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry

Meat Inspection Act

dictates sanitary requirements, creates federal meat inspection program

Pure Food and Drug Act

halts sale of contaminated food, medicine, requires truth in labeling

Conservation

the planned management of natural resources, involving the protection of some wilderness areas and development of others for the common good

Exploited their natural environment in

the late 19th century

Roosevelt condemned the view that

America’s resources were endless

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

Du Bois criticized

Washington