Dev. Psych FINAL

With regard to the empty nest, most parents

see increased marital satisfaction after children move out.

When individuals experienced the divorce of their parents in childhood, they were more likely to

-have low levels of education in adulthood.

-be less competent in intimate relationships

-engage in risky behaviors during their youth.

All answer choices are correct

In 2019, the average age for first marriage in the United States was 30 years for men and 28 years for women. These ages for first marriages are

higher than at any point in U.S. history

In which social context does reciprocal socialization take place?

microsystem

Matt and Tamela reward good behavior and ignore bad behavior when possible. When punishment is required, they calmly employ techniques like time-outs and verbal reasoning. Which of Baumrind's parenting styles do Matt and Tamela employ?

authoritative

Which of the following is the main cause for divorce for women?

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse

Scott and Kristine have decided to live together after dating for a couple of months. Based on research, which of the following becomes more likely once they start living together?

Physical aggression

Which of the following is true of the transition to parenting?

About one-third of couples show an increase in marital satisfaction after becoming parents.

Wade's divorced mother is the custodial parent and she married a man with three children of his own. They all live together in a new house. What type of family does Wade live in?

complex stepfamily

In the United States, cohabiting arrangements

tend to be short-term, with one-third lasting less than a year

__________ involve(s) a parent or teacher adjusting the level of guidance to fit the child's performance.

Scaffolding

Which of the following is an advantage of parents having children early (in their twenties)?

-The mother is likely to have fewer medical problems.

-Parents will have more physical energy.

-Parents are less likely to have built-up expectations for their children.

All answer choices are correct

Karri spends time finding positive, interesting activities for her 15-year-old daughter, Brooke. Karri encourages Brooke to offer input and choose among the activities. Karri's parental role is best described as

manager

The restrictive, punitive parenting style in which parents exhort the child to follow directions and be respectful is referred to by Baumrind as

authoritarian

Which of the following outcomes is linked to having a history of physical abuse?

depression

When children from divorced homes show problems, the problems can be due to which of the following?

-the child's personality

-the child's difficult temperament

-the custodial situation

All answer choices are correct

Neil works in a high-stress office with frequent conflicts among coworkers. His boss is a micro-manager and gives employees little autonomy. How do these conditions most likely impact Neil's parenting skills?

more irritable and inattentive to his children

About half of children whose parents divorce will have a stepparent within__________ years.

four

Subtle changes in a culture can have a significant influence on the family. What is one effect of increased urbanization and mobility in our society?

Older parents have lost some of the socializing role in the family, yet grandparents are often raising their own grandchildren.

What argument did Elizabeth Gershoff (2013) make about physical punishment of children?

Defenders have not shown any positive outcomes of the practice.

Divorce contributes to higher rates of psychiatric disturbance, depression, and alcoholism for

both men and women

Xavier's divorced mother married a man with no children. What type of family does Xavier live in?

stepfather family

Which of the following factors may contribute to child maltreatment?

-social isolation

-single parenting

-low socioeconomic status

All answer choices are correct

Should parents stay married for the sake of the children?

Sometimes. Parents must weigh the negative effects of divorce against the effects of an unhappy marriage.

Who will cope better with their parents' divorce?

children with easy temperaments rather than those with difficult temperaments

The phenomenon in which the behavior of children begins to depend on the behavior of the parents, and the parents' behavior depends on the behavior of the child, is called

reciprocal socialization

What has research shown about grandparent-child relationships?

Grandmothers tend to have more contact with grandchildren than grandfathers.

Bronfenbrenner refers to the culture in which an individual lives as a(n)

macrosystem

A mother who plays a strong managerial role in parenting would mostlikely do which of the following for her adolescent daughter?

Monitor her choice of friends and activities

Which of the following is almost always present when other forms of maltreatment are identified?

emotional abuse

Which of the following is NOT among the strategies recommended for dealing with divorce?

Start dating as soon as you can

Sheri's infant daughter mimics facial expressions and hand gestures. This is an example of

a reciprocal socialization

Many American families experience ongoing, unhealthy parent-adolescent conflict, which is associated with which of the following adolescent behaviors?

teen pregnancy and early marriage

Jeff's parents are getting a divorce. What kinds of problems will Jeff most likely suffer?

minor problems, since the majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment difficulties

Sometimes Michelle's mom takes work calls while they are eating dinner. This influence on Michelle comes from her

exosystem

Lori and Spencer have a loving and supportive marriage. What is a likely indirect result of their satisfied relationship?

sensitive, responsive parenting

About half of adults remarry within__________ year(s) after their divorce.

three

The support that parents provide one another in raising a child together is called

coparenting.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children later (in the couple's thirties)?

Parents are likely to be more mature.

When divorce occurs, it usually happens between the__________ years.

5-10

Tony is a second-generation immigrant who is heavily influenced by his ethnic heritage and cultural practices. This influence is an example of Tony's

For children, which of the systems described by Bronfenbrenner would be most heavily influenced by the increasing number of women working outside of the home?

exosystem

Which of the following is true of divorce?

Divorce is linked to psychological and physical problems.

When she is angry or stressed, Jackie confides in her best friend rather than her husband. Which of Gottman's marriage principles does this violate?

turning toward each other instead of away

Emily is an emerging adult and has moved out of her childhood home and into an apartment near her college campus. Which of the following is true regarding her relationship with her parents?

She will most likely grow closer psychologically to her parents

Of the following, who is most likely to abuse a child?

a parent

Which of the following is true regarding remarriage and blended families?

Children in remarried families have similar adjustment problems to those in divorced families.

One benefit of everyday adolescent-parent conflict is that it

helps adolescents become more autonomous.

Sixty-year-old Wanda has moved in with her 62-year-old friend, Mike. Which of the following is most likely true regarding their decision to cohabit?

They moved in together for companionship rather than for love.

Much of the child-parent conflict in early adolescence is likely to center around

the everyday events of family life.

In comparison with later-borns and children from large families, only children are often

achievement-oriented

In which of the following countries is chastity the most important factor in determining a marriage partner?

China

Gloria knows that one of her husband's favorite ways to spend an evening is for the two of them to read side by side. She finds a book for herself and sets aside time so they can do this together. This is an example of which of Gottman's marriage principles?

establishing love maps

As described by Bronfenbrenner, the environmental system that consists of influences from another setting that an individual does not experience directly is the

exosystem.

Of the following, who is the LEAST likely to live in poverty?

non-Latino White family

Which of the following peer interactions or styles is not typically learned or influenced by parent-child relationships?

rough and tumble play

Which ethnic group of immigrant adolescents showed the highest level of depression and the lowest self-esteem in a recent study?

Asian

Kenna plays "store" and uses blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. She is engaged in which type of play?

pretense/symbolic

Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters which of the following capacities, according to Catherine Garvey and Angeline Lillard?

balancing of social roles

Mia plays alone at recess. The school counselor teaches Mia how to introduce herself and how to join in with peers. The school counselor is trying to increase Mia's

social knowledge.

Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company, as well as lessening his interest and activity in his community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging?

disengagement

Which of the following is/are increasingly reducing children's time for play?

electronic media

Another student bumps into Kari in the classroom. As the student turns to apologize, teary-eyed Kari runs back to her seat, feeling picked on. Kari has committed an error in

social cognition.

Ted is a U.S. adult looking back on his life. He most likely regrets which of the following?

not engaging in more leisure activities

Bryn loves to see the toys on her bouncer seat move when she kicks her feet. In which of Bergen's play types is Bryn engaged?

sensorimotor

What is the main way that adolescents connect with their friends?

texting

Cultures that value self-actualization, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and the like are labeled

individualistic

Researchers have found links between older adults' increased use of the Internet and

lower rates of depression.

Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information. Regarding peer status, Kael is most likely a(n)

rejected child.

Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who are rarely nominated as best friend and are often described as shy?

neglected

Although Kiesha is a middle-SES child with parents who are white-collar professionals, she still feels the stress of being an ethnic minority in America because

she is still subject to the influence of negative stereotypes about ethnic minority groups.

Research indicates that persistent poverty has several long-term effects. Which of the following is NOT one of those effects?

a higher level of academic persistence

Behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group of people that are passed on from generation to generation are known collectively as

culture

Marilee has turned to her close friend, Charles, for support about a problem at work. Charles is most likely to respond by

offering solutions to her conflict.

Jessica and Nicole feel secure disclosing private thoughts and personal information to each other. They have a high degree of

intimacy in their friendship.

Trisha's small group of friends does most everything together. This is her

clique

Steve and Haley rarely go out anymore. Haley is becoming bored and depressed. According to Sullivan, what is the relationship lacking?

playful companionship

In what type of play group is DeLeon, a 7-year-old boy, most likely to engage?

a large cluster

According to Jean Piaget and Harry Stack Sullivan, what is a primary thing children learn from their peers?

reciprocity

Sheri is an emerging adult with a new boyfriend. Most likely, Sheri's boyfriend

is more integrated and similar than the one she had in high school.

The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority individuals consists of

prejudice and poverty.

Compared to adult men, adult women tend to have__________ close friends and friendships that are more__________.

more; intimate

Charlie is well liked by many of his peers. He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful. What is Charlie's peer status?

popular

Sheryl and Lynda are close friends. Which of the following statements most likely characterizes their relationship?

They often get together just to talk.

By what age do children already to prefer to spend time with same-sex peers?

3 years old

Eddie's childhood is marked with persistent and long-standing poverty. Compared to a child not living in poverty, Eddie is more likely to be exposed to which of the following?

-environmental toxins

-family turmoil

-exposure to violence

All answer choices are correct.

In his social skills training group, Travis is asked to role-play and discuss possible reactions to hypothetical negative encounters with peers. What is Travis's peer status?

rejected

In which industrialized country do adolescents have the most leisure time?

the United States?

When are adolescents more likely to conform to their peers?

when they are unsure of their social identity

Pretense/symbolic play peaks when a child is __________ year(s) old and then gradually declines.

4-5

Television viewing is NOT linked to which of the following negative outcomes for children and adolescents?

low self-esteem

As an African American, George is likely to face__________ in his elder years.

racism and ageism

The number of older persons living in poverty in the United States in 2017 was approximately

9.2 percent.

Which of the following is a true statement about adolescents with older friends?

They are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.

Which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively disliked by peers?

controversial

Sullivan believes that in particular, the need for __________ intensifies the most in early adolescence.

intimacy

Which of the following terms refers to an individual's tendency to consider his or her own group superior to others?

ethnocentrism

Brooke is 12 years old and spends a lot of time on the Internet. She uses chat rooms and is very active on Facebook and Instagram. Brooke's parents should do which of the following?

closely monitor Brooke's online activities

As a minister who is concerned about the welfare of her parishioners, Reverend Douglas creates many roles in the church for retired church members. Reverend Douglas appears to be applying__________ theory.

activity

Kylie plays a partner computer game with Anna, a friend in her preschool. They each take turns making the alphabet monster eat a letter. In which type of play (Sumaroka & Bornstein, 2008) is Kylie engaged?

social