World History Rise of Fascism

what were satisfied powers?

countries that were content with the conditions of the treaty of Versailles and less willing to join war until its too late

who were the satisfied powers after ww1?

france: wanted peace due to destruction of land during world war 1, goal was to ensure national security and enforce the treaty of versailles

u.s: isolated after ww1, not a member of league of nations

great Britain: both u.s. and great Britain would not guarantee support if France was invaded by germany

what were the unsatisfied powers?

countries who were willing to change the conditions of the treaty of Versailles for their own benefits

who were the unsatisfied powers after ww1?

germany: humiliated and weakened by the conditions of the treaty of versailles, wanted to regain economic stability and national glory

Italy: not content with the treaty of Versailles because they weren’t given the territory they were promised, wanted more land and economic stability

soviet union: civil war and ww1 caused a lot of destruction, not content with the new nations in eastern Europe formed by treaty of versailles, suspicious of outside capitalist world, wanted economic and industrial development (stalin’s 5 year plan)

Japan: an imperial power, had a lot of militaristic policies, wanted territory and economic stability

what is fascism? how is it similar to communism?

fascism is an extreme form of nationalism that emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

both systems were ruled by dictators who allowed only their own political party and denied individual rights

what political and economic factors led to the rise of fascism in Italy?

failure to win territory after ww1

rising inflation and unemployment

weak democratic government

who was Benito Mussolini and what promises did mussolini make to the Italian people?

a newspaper editor and politician, then leader of fascist party

he vowed to give Italy strong leadership. rebuild the army, revitalize economy, and recreate roman empire

what were the blackshirts?

groups of fascists under mussolini that would attack communists and socialists on the streets, which scared Italians into supporting the fascist party

what was the march on Rome?

in october 1922, 30000 fascists marched on Rome and demanded that king Victor Emmanuel III put mussolini in charge of the government

the king agreed and said that Mussolini was the only hope for his dynasty

what personal characteristics helped adolf Hitler gain success as a leader?

he volunteered for the German army and was twice awarded the iron cross (a medal for bravery)

powerful speaker, can motivate and manipulate German audience

able to organize effectively

what is Nazism?

the German brand of fascism

name meaning national socialist german workers party

what was mein Kampf and what were the beliefs and goals hitler expressed in mein Kampf?

hitler’s book meaning “my struggle”

he believed that Germans (which he called Aryans) were a master race and jews, slavs and romanis were inferior

he believed Germans needed more “lebensraum”, or leaving, which he promised to get by conquering eastern Europe and russia

why did Germans at first support Hitler?

germany’s economy collapsed, making civilians worried so they tuned to Hitler for security and firm leadership

what was the ss and gestapo? how did Hitler use these to help maintain control in Germany?

the SS arrested and murdered hitler’s political enemies

the gestapo used violence to scare Germans into total obedience

germans were less likely to publicly or privately oppose hitler and the Nazi party

what was kristallnacht?

on november 9, 1938, Nazi mobs attacked Jewish homes, shops and synagogues

what was the third Reich?

hitler wanted to rebuild the German empire as glorious as the Roman empire

what was life like under mussolini’s Italy?

democracy and other political parties were outlawed

the government forced radio stations and publications to only broadcast or publish fascist doctrines

Mussolini outlawed strikes

he gave Italians work like building the Olympic stadium in rome

what was life like under hitler’s third Reich?

non jewish germans: regularly checked on by gestapo and gov officials at home, in public and on the streets

jewish germans: banned from almost every public space and face constant discrimination from non jewish germans and even violence from gestapo

how did Hitler display each trait of totalitarianism?

dictatorship & one party rule: only the Nazi party was allowed to rule in Germany by law

dynamic leader: Hitler was admired by many because of his good speaking skills

ideology: Hitler used the term “lebensraum” to justify the government’s plans to invade eastern europe

state control over all aspects of society: the Nazi party controlled religion and said that if people didn’t end their prayers with “heil Hitler” they wouldn’t be valid prayers

sate control over individuals: hitler passed laws that eliminated personal rights and freedoms

use of modern tech: Hitler and the Nazi party had complete control over what media was being pushed/censored to people

use of violence: the ss and gestapo would arrest and murder hitler’s enemies and would scare the Germans into total obedience

how did Hitler disobey the conditions of the treaty of Versailles?

withdrew Germany from disarmament conference

pulled Germany out of league of nations

built up air and naval forces

what was anchluss?

the annexation/invasion of austria by Germany which was forbidden in the treaty of versailles

what was the Munich conference?

a conference in 1938 which allowed the Sudetenland to be given to Germany with the promise that germany would not take over any other territory

what is appeasement?

giving into an aggressor to keep peace

great britain’s prime minister Neville chamberlain chose to appease Hitler and give in to his demands of sudetenland