MNGT 3100 Exam 4

Of the two broad categories of leader behaviors, _______________ behaviors involve structuring the roles of followers, providing guidance, and displaying behaviors to increase the performance of the group. ________________ behaviors include showing concern for employee feelings, listening to concerns, and treating followers with respect.

task-oriented, people-oriented

Beyond having a high IQ, effective leaders also tend to have high _____________________, which means they demonstrate a high level of self-awareness, motivation, empathy, and social skills.

emotional intelligence

Under trait approaches to leadership, the traits of intelligence, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, self-esteem, and integrity are __________.

b. qualities you either have or don't have

Under behavioral approaches to leadership, leaders may utilize autocratic, democratic, or laissez-faire decision making. Which of the following statements is true about autocratic decision making?

a. The leader makes decisions without much input from employees.

Under contingency approaches to leadership, path-goal theory is derived from the expectancy theory of motivation. The leadership style where employees are involved in the making of important decisions is __________.

b. participative leadership

Under contingency approaches to leadership, directive leadership is thought to be most effective in which of the following situations?

c. Employees experience ambiguity on the job.

Under behavioral approaches to leadership, productivity tends to be higher when leaders are ___________

d. task-oriented

Under contingency approaches to leadership, Blanchard & Hersey's situational leadership model states that the leadership style to be used should be based on situational factors. When employees' competence and commitment are both high, a __________ style is often most appropriate.

c. delegating

Which of the following contingency approaches to leadership is described by the following?

A leader's main job is to make sure that employees' efforts will lead to high performance, their high performance will be rewarded, and the rewards they receive are valuable to the employees.

Path-goal theory (expectancy theory)

Under contemporary approaches to leadership, __________ lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals and the organization's goals.

transformational leaders

Under contemporary approaches to leadership, the primary mission of __________ is to develop employees and help them reach their goals.

servant leaders

_________is the study of meaning in communication that notes words, phrases, or images can mean different things to different individuals

Semantics

Under the process model of communication, the sender’s action to translate the idea to be communicated into words/symbols is called __________.

c. encoding

Under the process model of communication, the receiver __________ a message by assigning meaning to the words/signs.

a. decodes

__________ happens when communication is hampered because either the sender or the receiver is upset, whether about the subject at hand or about some unrelated incident.

a. Emotional disconnect

Criticizing, blaming, ordering, judging, and shaming can put an end to effective communication by making the receiver feel judged or defensive. This is known as __________.

b. communication freezers

Internet connectivity issues can cause the received message to differ from what was sent. Under the process model of communication, this is known as ___________

noise

___________ occurs in communication when the sender intentionally distorts or withholds information to manage the receiver's reactions.

Filtering

Involuntary distorting or ignoring information received to suit our own needs is known as ___________

selective perception

Information-rich channels convey more nonverbal information. Which of the following communications channels has the highest information-richness?

Video teleconference/ video chat

The receiver can engage in ____________ to enhance the probability of effective communication.

active listening

What is jargon?

Jargon is the language of specialized terms used by a group or profession, and it can make communication faster and more precise.

According to Maslow, as humans satisfy their most basic needs and start looking to satisfy higher-order needs, the satisfied lower-level need__________ serve(s) as a motivator.

no longer

Put Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order, starting with the most fundamental or basic need at the top of the list.

-Physiological

-Safety

-Social

-Esteem

-Self-Actualization

Alderfer’s ERG theory was derived from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. A key difference is that in ERG theory, __________.

b. individuals who are frustrated in their attempts to satisfy one need may regress to another one

According to acquired needs theory, the three needs individuals acquire as a result of their life experiences are

Achievement, Affiliation, Power

When determining levels of equity, individuals will often compare their input/output ratio with that of a comparison person. That person is labeled the

a. referent

Job design is one of the many decisions that managers must make when engaged in the POLC function of __________.

c. organizing

By seeking regular feedback from your boss, you signal that you care about your performance and want to be successful. When receiving feedback, your aim should be to __________ yourself.

d. improve

Which of the following statements is true about motivation?

c. Motivation is the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.

The opportunity for advancement / promotion is an example of a motivator, according to Herzberg's two-factor theory. Therefore, we would expect fewer advancement opportunities to result in ____________

less job satisfaction

Which of the process-based theories of motivation explains that behavior is a function of its consequences, so it is important that rewards are aligned with an organization's priorities?

Reinforcement theory

Which of these process-based theories of motivation involves an individual's belief that high levels of effort will lead to desired outcomes?

Expectancy theory

John, an employee at ACME Manufacturing, has negotiated with his manager that he will increase his productivity by 10% over the next 6 months. This is an example of which of the following motivational theories?

Goal-setting theory

T/F: When giving performance feedback to an employee, it can be helpful to ask them to perform a self-appraisal beforehand.

True

Formal vs. Informal Leader

Formal is a legitimate position or role whereas Informal has no legitimate title, and the leader relies on being well liked or having knowledge/experience

Transactional Leadership

leadership based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

Transformational Leadership

transforms employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interests

Authentic Leadership

A pattern of leadership behavior based on honesty, practicality, and ethicality

Barriers to effective communication

filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotions, language, silence, communication apprehension, lying

Intrinsic Motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Extrinsic Motivation

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

Alderfer's ERG theory

existence, relatedness, growth

Herzberg's two-factor theory

proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors - work satisfaction from so-called motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from so-called hygiene factors

Equity Theory

a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly

Benevolents

individuals who give without waiting to receive much in return

Entitleds

individuals who expect to receive a lot without giving much in return