A&P Chapter 2 Flashcards

What is Matter?

Physical substances made up of elements, composed of 118 known elements.

What is Energy?

Does not have mass or take up space; can exist in forms like kinetic and potential energy.

What is Chemical Energy?

Stored in the bonds of substances; released during chemical reactions, e.g., ATP.

What is Electrical Energy?

Used by the nervous system to transmit messages.

What is Mechanical Energy?

Generated by muscle contractions that move bones during activity.

What is Radiant Energy?

Light energy traveling in waves, utilized in cellular processes.

What are the States of Matter?

Exist in three forms in the body: solid, liquid, and gas.

What is Kinetic Energy?

Energy of motion.

What is Potential Energy?

Stored energy.

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?

Main energy currency of the cell; chemical energy converted to electrical or mechanical energy.

What is Thermal Energy?

Energy released during conversions, contributing to thermal regulation.

What is a Decomposition Reaction?

A large molecule breaks down into smaller components; associated with catabolism.

What is a Synthesis Reaction?

Small molecules combine to form larger ones.

What is an Exchange Reaction?

Involves both synthesis and decomposition, where bonds are made and broken.

What is Anabolism?

Energy-storing synthesis reactions that require energy input.

What is Catabolism?

Breakdown of molecules providing energy for bodily functions.

What are Organic Compounds?

Large molecules with covalent bonds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What are Inorganic Compounds?

Small molecules such as water, salts, acids, and bases.

What are the properties of Water?

Most abundant compound in the body, making up 2/3 of body weight; acts as a universal solvent.

What are Salts?

Ionic compounds composed of cations and anions; important for bodily functions.

What are Acids?

Proton (H+) donors; vary in strength (strong vs. weak acids).

What are Bases?

Proton acceptors or OH- donors.

What is a Neutralization Reaction?

Interaction between an acid and a base.

What is the pH Scale?

Ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic); pH 7 is neutral.

What does acidity refer to?

The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H+ ions.