A&P Chapter 2 Flashcards

Flashcard #1
Term: What is Matter?
Definition: Physical substances made up of elements, composed of 118 known elements.

Flashcard #2
Term: What is Energy?
Definition: Does not have mass or take up space; can exist in forms like kinetic and potential energy.

Flashcard #3
Term: What is Chemical Energy?
Definition: Stored in the bonds of substances; released during chemical reactions, e.g., ATP.

Flashcard #4
Term: What is Electrical Energy?
Definition: Used by the nervous system to transmit messages.

Flashcard #5
Term: What is Mechanical Energy?
Definition: Generated by muscle contractions that move bones during activity.

Flashcard #6
Term: What is Radiant Energy?
Definition: Light energy traveling in waves, utilized in cellular processes.

Flashcard #7
Term: What are the States of Matter?
Definition: Exist in three forms in the body: solid, liquid, and gas.

Flashcard #8
Term: What is Kinetic Energy?
Definition: Energy of motion.

Flashcard #9
Term: What is Potential Energy?
Definition: Stored energy.

Flashcard #10
Term: What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
Definition: Main energy currency of the cell; chemical energy converted to electrical or mechanical energy.

Flashcard #11
Term: What is Thermal Energy?
Definition: Energy released during conversions, contributing to thermal regulation.

Flashcard #12
Term: What is a Decomposition Reaction?
Definition: A large molecule breaks down into smaller components; associated with catabolism.

Flashcard #13
Term: What is a Synthesis Reaction?
Definition: Small molecules combine to form larger ones.

Flashcard #14
Term: What is an Exchange Reaction?
Definition: Involves both synthesis and decomposition, where bonds are made and broken.

Flashcard #15
Term: What is Anabolism?
Definition: Energy-storing synthesis reactions that require energy input.

Flashcard #16
Term: What is Catabolism?
Definition: Breakdown of molecules providing energy for bodily functions.

Flashcard #17
Term: What are Organic Compounds?
Definition: Large molecules with covalent bonds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Flashcard #18
Term: What are Inorganic Compounds?
Definition: Small molecules such as water, salts, acids, and bases.

Flashcard #19
Term: What are the properties of Water?
Definition: Most abundant compound in the body, making up 2/3 of body weight; acts as a universal solvent.

Flashcard #20
Term: What are Salts?
Definition: Ionic compounds composed of cations and anions; important for bodily functions.

Flashcard #21
Term: What are Acids?
Definition: Proton (H+) donors; vary in strength (strong vs. weak acids).

Flashcard #22
Term: What are Bases?
Definition: Proton acceptors or OH- donors.

Flashcard #23
Term: What is a Neutralization Reaction?
Definition: Interaction between an acid and a base.

Flashcard #24
Term: What is the pH Scale?
Definition: Ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic); pH 7 is neutral.

Flashcard #25
Term: What does acidity refer to?
Definition: The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of H+ ions.