Marriage and the Family Final

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150 Terms

1
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What does research suggest about cohabitation before marriage?

 

Population growth.

2
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Which factor is associated with better health outcomes for married individuals?

 

Better mental and physical health.

3
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How does being married affect addiction rates?

 

Married individuals have lower addiction rates.

4
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How do married individuals compare to single individuals in terms of safety?

 

Married individuals are less likely to become victims of crime.

5
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What is one social benefit of marriage?

 

More social and emotional support.

6
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What percentage of U.S. households were never-married single individuals in 2008?

 

30%.

7
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States have the power to:

 

Legalize marriage.

8
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What is a health benefit of marriage?

 

Lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

9
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What is the typical median duration of a marriage for those who divorce?

 

About eight years.

10
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How does marriage influence the management of life stresses?

 

Spouses help buffer and manage stress.

11
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What effect does marriage have on men’s likelihood of committing domestic violence?

 

Husbands are less likely to abuse their wives than boyfriends are.

12
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What is cohabitation?

 

Two partners living together without formal marriage.

13
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What helps prevent marital entropy?

 

Regular care and attention to the relationship.

14
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What is polyandry?

 

A marriage form allowing one wife to have multiple husbands.

15
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What financial advantage do married couples have?

 

Accumulation of more wealth and assets.

16
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What factor is often linked to higher divorce rates for teenage marriages?

 

Psychological changes up until age 25-26.

17
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How does marriage affect long-term family relationships?

 

Marriage provides long-term continuity in family relationships.

18
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What did Robert and Jeanette Lauer identify as the top factors for long-term marital success?

 

Spouses being best friends and liking each other.

19
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How did marriage rights shift historically?

 

From community leaders to state regulation.

20
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Why is cohabitation more common among younger people?

 

Younger individuals see it as a normal or expected part of relationships.

21
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What is a financial advantage of marriage?

 

It is more cost-effective to live in married circumstances than single circumstances.

22
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What does the “We” metaphor compare the relationship to?

 

A vehicle that requires maintenance.

23
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What is the most common family type in the U.S.?

 

Married couples.

24
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Which of the following describes monogamy?

 

A marriage form permitting only one spouse at a time.

25
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How does marriage affect couples’ emotional well-being?

 

Marriage provides more emotional security.

26
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What is the most common and culturally preferred marriage type worldwide?

 

Monogamy.

27
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How does marriage affect retirement planning?

 

Married individuals tend to plan for retirement more than others.

28
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What is a serial cohabiter?

 

Someone who has multiple cohabiting relationships over time.

29
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Which group tends to have longer cohabitation periods?

 

Less educated cohabiters.

30
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What does Norval Glenn suggest about some people’s view of marriage?

 

They see it as temporary, always looking for someone better.

31
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At what age do children start exhibiting individuation?

 

Adolescence

32
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How should parents ideally address their own unmet childhood needs when raising children?

 

By focusing on nurturing their own children

33
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What do parents primarily provide during the early years of socialization?

 

Norms, expectations, and values

34
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Which stage of childhood has low independence but an increasing ability to assist others?

 

Ages 6-12

35
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Which aspect of self-worth should parents avoid reinforcing?

 

Feelings of worthlessness or shame

36
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Which parenting style involves removing risk of failure?

 

Rescue parenting

37
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Which of the following is NOT a function of parents according to the chapter?

 

Being purely financial providers

38
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In which age group is emotional volatility most common?

 

Ages 13-18

39
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The social construction of reality helps a child understand what aspect of life?

 

Their role and responsibilities within a community

40
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Which age group typically achieves “functional independence”?

 

Ages 6-12

41
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What does self-worth in a child signify?

 

A balanced acceptance of strengths and weaknesses

42
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Which parenting role involves making decisions on behalf of children?

 

Guardianship

43
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When does primary socialization typically begin?

 

At birth

44
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Why do many parents struggle with balancing support and control?

 

Finding the right level of independence and guidance can be challenging

45
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What key function do parents serve in addition to caregiving?

 

Teaching life skills

46
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Which model focuses on using rewards and punishments to shape behavior?

 

Behaviorism

47
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What does the behaviorism approach to parenting emphasize?

 

Rewards and punishments

48
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What is individuation?

 

Process of establishing a separate identity

49
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What is one common problem with enmeshed relationships?

 

Lack of independent identity for the child

50
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What is considered the lifelong role of parents?

 

Nurturing and supporting children.

51
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How do mentoring parents typically manage guidelines?

 

They negotiate and collaborate with their children

52
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Which of the following best describes the role of parents as advocates?

 

Defending their children in community settings

53
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What should parents avoid when instilling self-worth in children?

 

Using shame

54
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What is a common negative result of shaming children?

 

Low self-worth and addiction tendencies

55
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What is one benefit of the behaviorism approach for young children?

 

They quickly learn cause and effect

56
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When do children benefit most from cognitive reasoning in parenting?

 

After age seven

57
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Why is avoiding shame important for healthy self-worth?

 

Shame can lead to long-term negative self-image

58
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What does it mean for a young adult to be a “co-adult”?

 

They are independent yet seek parental guidance

59
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What does socialization primarily involve?

 

Teaching norms, values, and behaviors of a society.

60
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Parents who allow children to make small decisions are promoting:

 

Independence and individuation

61
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How does Tannen believe cross-cultural understanding could help relationships?

 

By reducing misunderstandings between genders

62
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What does the Gottman Method aim to cultivate between partners?

 

Mutual trust and connection

63
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How does “high involvement” speaking differ from “high considerateness”?

 

High involvement includes more enthusiastic support

64
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What effect does turning toward bids have on the emotional bank account?

 

It builds trust and connection

65
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What is Tannen’s suggested approach to gender differences in communication?

 

View them as cross-cultural

66
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What is a characteristic of “report-talk” in male conversations?

 

Focusing on maintaining status

67
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What does “turning against” a bid involve?

 

Rejecting or responding negatively to the bid

68
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What is the primary focus of the Gottman Method in couples therapy?

 

Understanding and responding to bids for connection

69
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How did couples who stayed married respond to bids according to Gottman’s study?

 

By turning toward each other 86% of the time

70
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What can be a simple way to respond to a partner’s bid for connection?

 

Showing curiosity about their feelings

71
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What is an example of “report-talk” as described by Tannen?

 

Men negotiating status in conversation

72
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How does the Gottman Method suggest creating a bid-friendly environment?

 

By staying attuned to each other’s needs

73
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What does Tannen suggest is the impact of cultural differences on gender communication?

 

It creates cross-cultural communication challenges

74
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What might “uncooperative overlap” signify in a conversation?

 

A lack of interest or support

75
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What does Tannen suggest is the primary role of “report-talk”?

 

Information sharing and maintaining status

76
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What is “rapport-talk” according to Tannen?

 

Conversation aimed at creating intimacy

77
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What is one example of a “bid” in a relationship?

 

Asking for advice

78
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In the context of the Gottman Method, what are “bids”?

 

Attempts to connect with a partner

79
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What role does “active listening” play in the Gottman Method? 

 

It helps couples fully engage with each other’s bids

80
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What does Tannen say is often misinterpreted as aggression by women?

 

Men’s ritual challenges in conversation

81
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What is a practical tip for incorporating the Gottman Method?

 

Be mindful of small moments of connection

82
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Which action demonstrates “deepening emotional attunement”?

 

Actively tuning into the partner’s bids

83
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According to Tannen, what does cooperative overlapping often express?

 

Enthusiastic support

84
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Which action exemplifies turning toward a bid?

 

Responding with empathy and curiosity

85
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What cultural factor does Tannen suggest impacts American communication styles?

 

Gender-specific language socialization

86
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Why do women often use “rapport-talk” according to Tannen?

 

To create closeness and understanding

87
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What is Tannen’s view on interruptions in conversation?

 

They can demonstrate dominance or lack of interest

88
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What might a “bid” look like in a relationship?

 

Sharing a funny story

89
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In the Gottman Method, what is a benefit of building rituals of connection?

 

Strengthening the relationship bond

90
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How does the Gottman Method encourage emotional attunement? 

 

By responding positively to bids

91
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When did the Baby Boom cohort begin?

 

1946

92
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According to the text, what is Social Exchange Theory’s formula?

 

Rewards - Costs = Outcomes

93
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Who traditionally granted marriage rights in early Western societies?

 

Tribal or clan leaders

94
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What is a major factor in declining U.S. divorce rates since the 1990s- sometimes it’s best to wait?

 

Delayed marriage until the late 20s

95
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What is the legal definition of marriage in the United States?

 

The legal union of a man and a woman

96
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What is Social Exchange Theory’s formula?

 

Rewards - Costs = Outcomes

97
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What percentage of first marriages make it to their 10th wedding anniversary?

 

75%

98
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What is a cohort in demographic studies?

 

A group sharing a common characteristic, like birth year

99
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What is the key to combating marital entropy?

 

Proactive maintenance and upgrades

100
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Which country was the first to legalize same-sex marriage?

 

Netherlands