Clinical Imaging - Exam 1: My Lung Pattern is Plaid, What's Yours? (Organs)

ID the lesion

Skin fold

ID the lesion

Pleural effusion

ID the lesion

Neoplasia

What are the four radiographic criteria of an alveolar lung pattern?

Air bronchogram

Uniform soft tissue

Lobar sign

Border effacement

ID sign

Air bronchogram

ID sign

Lobar sign (sharp difference between cranial and caudal lobes)

Is there border effacement present?

Yes

ID sign

Air bronchogram

Point out the lobar sign

What disease is indicated by cranioventral alveolar pattern?

Bronchopneumonia

What disease is indicated by Caudodorsal alveolar pattern?

Pulmonary edema

What is the classic sign of bronchiolar pattern?

Rings and lines

You should see vessels at the ___th rib on lateral and the ___th on VD

4; 9

Heartworm disease will affect arteries, veins, or both?

Arteries

Left sided heart disease will affect arteries, veins, or both?

Veins

Left to right shunt will affect arteries, veins, or both?

Both

Pulmonary hypertension will affect arteries, veins, or both?

Arteries

Fluid overload and CHF will affect arteries, veins, or both?

Both

ID vessels

ID the pattern

Alveolar (lobar sign)

ID the pattern

Structured interstitial

ID the pattern

Bronchiole (rings and lines)

ID the pattern

Alveolar (Caudodorsal)

Diagnosis

Pneumothorax

What percentage of the thoracic inlet should the trachea be in a non-brachycephalic?

>20%

If the trachea is easy to see on inspiration but disappears on expiration, you should be suspicious of what?

Collapsing trachea

Diagnosis?

Redundant dorsal trachealis muscle

T/F: A normal trachea can deviate to the right, but not the left

True

Diagnosis?

Pneumothorax

What disease can cause ventral deviation of the trachea?

Esophageal disease

What can cause ventral displacement of the carina and caudal lobar bronchi?

Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy

Diagnosis?

Diaphragmatic hernia

Diagnosis?

Normal

What disease can cause dorsal tracheal deviation?

Cardiac (LA) enlargement

What ICS should the carina be at?

5th

ID lesion

None, normal

Diagnosis?

Normal

Diagnosis?

Diaphragmatic hernia

Diagnosis?

Pneumomediastinum

Diagnosis?

Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

Diagnosis?

Normal

ID lesion

Pleural fissure lines (seen due to pleural effusion)

What view is best for visualization of the heart if fluid is present?

VD (fluid is below heart, not surrounding it like in DV)

Diagnosis?

Pneumothorax

ID the lesion

Skin fold

ID the lesion

Mediastinal fat

Is the trachea dorsally deviated?

Yes, because it is parallel to the spine

ID structure

Descending aorta

What diseases can result in an aortic bulge?

PDA or systemic hypertension

Enlargement of what structure can compress the main stem bronchus?

Left atrium

What is the earliest sign of left atrial enlargement?

Straightening of the cardiac waist

Severe left atrial enlargement can bulge between the main stem bronchi, known as what?

Backpack sign

What sign from VD will allow you to ID left atrial enlargement?

Double opacity

What occurs with the main stem bronchi in left atrial enlargment?

Left bronchus deviation (bow legged cowboy)

With more advanced left atrial enlargement, what other structure will enlarge?

Left auricle

At what clock position is the left atrium in a cat?

1:00 - 2:00

The left set of cranial vessels is more (cranial/caudal) than the right set

Cranial

Normal pulmonary vessels should be what size compared to the 4th rib?

3/4th

Are these vessels enlarged?

Yes, due to overcirculation to the lung (left to right shunt)

What sign on VD is indicative of right heart enlargement?

Reverse D

You would expect the CVC to be (bigger than/equal to/smaller than) the aorta in right heart failure

Bigger than

How can you ID a normal stomach axis?

Parallel to the ribs

Enlargement of what organ can shift the stomach axis caudally?

Liver

Ascites?

No

Ascites?

Yes

Abdominal effusion due to right heart failure can often be identified due to the lack of visualization of what structure?

Falciform fat pad

Long standing left heart disease leading to right heart changes is often due to what disease?

Mitral regurgitation

What are the most common causes of systemic hypertension in cats?

Hyperthyroidism and renal disease

What lung pattern does pulmonary edema present as in cats?

Patchy interstitial to alveolar

What sign is classic for feline HCM?

Valentine heart

What signs can you expect to see with canine DCM?

Left sided enlargement

Diagnosis?

Pericardial effusion (globoid)

Pericardial effusion will present with what side heart failure?

Right (easier to compress)

Diagnosis?

Heartworms

What lung pattern can you expect with heartworms?

Bronchiole

PDA connects what two vessels?

Aorta to pulmonary artery (Left to right shunt, overcirculation of left side)

What radiographic sign indicates PDA?

Ductus bump

What side of the heart is affected by pulmonic stenosis?

Right side (blood can't flow easily, right pumps harder)

ID the lesion associated with pulmonic stenosis

Enlarged main pulmonary artery

Ventricular septal defects will lead to an overcirculation of what?

Pulmonary vasculature (enlarged A/V)

Diagnosis?

Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

What are the four features of tetralogy of fallot?

Pulmonic stenosis

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Subaortic VSD

Overriding aorta

What grade are you going to make on this test?

55 (out of 55)