Genetics - Mendel's Monohybrid Crosses

Vocabulary flashcards covering Mendel's experimental approach, monohybrid crosses, and genotype/phenotype ratios based on lecture notes.

Pure breeding

Organisms that are homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive, possessing the same alleles.

Homozygous dominant

Having two dominant alleles (such as $PP$), which results in the dominant phenotype (such as purple).

Homozygous recessive

Having two recessive alleles (such as $pp$), which results in the recessive phenotype (such as white).

Heterozygote

An organism possessing two different alleles for a trait (such as $Pp$).

F1 generation genotype ratio

A $100\%$ heterozygous ($Pp$) genotype ratio produced from a cross of $PP \times pp$.

F2 generation genotype ratio

A $1:2:1$ ratio observed in the genotypes of the F2 generation.

Mendel's F2 Phenotypic Ratio

A phenotypic ratio of mostly $3:1$ discovered by Mendel in pea plants.