Unit 7 test

Taizong

* ruled from 626 - 649


* he had a brutal rise to power→ killed his own brothers and forced his father to step down
* very successful general

→ expanded the army by offering tax exemptions

→ rotated soldiers to prevent any noble from gaining their loyalty

→effective government/deference to advisors

Buddhism

* first came in contact with the Chinese during the Han Dynasty
* spread and rose in popularity throughout China during the Tang Dynasty then eventually spread to Japan as well
* Dunhuang → important center of Buddhism in China

Chang’an

* An impressive, cosmopolitan city whose history dates to the Neolithic era
* strategically located for agricultural, economic, and military strength

Li Bo

* one of China’s greatest poets; wrote 2,000 poems about nature
* Wrote: “Seeing Off a Friend”

Du Fu

* Chinese poet who is educated in Confucian classics
* served in high government positions
* Wrote: “Winding River'“

Wang Wei

* Great Chinese poet during the Tang Dynasty
* Wrote: “Replying to Subprefect Zhang”

An Lushan Rebellion

* Started by An Lushan who was a general from North China who rebelled against the Tang rulers
* His army captured and destroyed Chang’an; displaced millions of people, causing chaos and famine for years

Empress Wu

* the only female ruler in China’s imperial history (to rule under her own name)
* improved the civil service (meritocracy)
* military expansion, economic development, support for Buddhism, promotion of art and literature, women’s status
* Some considered her ruthless

Prince Shotoku

* revered (respected) leader known for unifying the clans (uji) against the threat of Chinese invasion
* government reforms that created a central, imperial state, and supported the spread of Buddhism

Yamato Period

* sophisticated


* took practices from the Chinese and modified them

Nara Period

* Nara was the first permanent capital in Japanese history (built on the model of Chang’an)

Heian Period

* capital was Heian Kyo(modern-day Kyoto)


* height of Japanese classical culture
* imperial court life was dominated by Fujiwara → marriages established close ties with the imperial family
* accumulated private lands (exempt from imperial control), controlled politics from “behind the scenes”, patrons of the arts

Kamakura Shogunate

* a military dictatorship/government established by Minamoto Yoritomo

Samurai

a warrior class

* Shogun
* Daimyo
* Elite Warriors
* Lower level soldiers and guards

Daimyo

feudal lords

Shogun

military ruler

Shinto

* means “way of the kami”; the traditional Japanese religion
* it existed for hundreds of years without a name before the arrival of Buddhism

Zen Buddhism

* originated in China and developed in Japan


* an austere (strict) faith

Lady Murasaki

wrote the Tale of Genji → which portrays the lives and customs of the aristocracy during the Heian Period

Genghis Khan

* born in Mongolia around 1162 (Birth name: Temujin)
* under his rule, he built a large army to destroy tribes in northeast Asia
* a member of the Borjigin tribe and a descendant of Khabul Khan
* During his early life, he was seen as an unlikely ruler
* Brilliant military tactics

→ Bow and arrow on horseback

→ Faked retreats to trap pursuing armies

→Adopting methods from conquered people

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Kublai Khan

* Grandson of Genghis Khan
* Ruler of Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

* Only Dynasty not ruled by Chinese rulers, instead it was ruled by Mongols
* One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire
* Mongolia, China, and Tibet region

Golden Horde

* Western Asia and Russia
* One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire

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Ilkhanate

* Middle East
* One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire

Chagatai Khanate

* Central Asia
* One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire