Unit 7 test

Taizong

Taizong

• ruled from 626 - 649

• he had a brutal rise to power→ killed his own brothers and forced his father to step down

• very successful general

→ expanded the army by offering tax exemptions

→ rotated soldiers to prevent any noble from gaining their loyalty

→effective government/deference to advisors

Buddhism

• first came in contact with the Chinese during the Han Dynasty

• spread and rose in popularity throughout China during the Tang Dynasty then eventually spread to Japan as well

• Dunhuang → important center of Buddhism in China

Chang’an

• An impressive, cosmopolitan city whose history dates to the Neolithic era

• strategically located for agricultural, economic, and military strength

Li Bo

• one of China’s greatest poets; wrote 2,000 poems about nature

• Wrote: “Seeing Off a Friend”

Du Fu

• Chinese poet who is educated in Confucian classics

• served in high government positions

• Wrote: “Winding River'“

Wang Wei

• Great Chinese poet during the Tang Dynasty

• Wrote: “Replying to Subprefect Zhang”

An Lushan Rebellion

• Started by An Lushan who was a general from North China who rebelled against the Tang rulers

• His army captured and destroyed Chang’an; displaced millions of people, causing chaos and famine for years

Empress Wu

• the only female ruler in China’s imperial history (to rule under her own name)

• improved the civil service (meritocracy)

• military expansion, economic development, support for Buddhism, promotion of art and literature, women’s status

• Some considered her ruthless

Prince Shotoku

• revered (respected) leader known for unifying the clans (uji) against the threat of Chinese invasion

• government reforms that created a central, imperial state, and supported the spread of Buddhism

Yamato Period

• sophisticated

• took practices from the Chinese and modified them

Nara Period

• Nara was the first permanent capital in Japanese history (built on the model of Chang’an)

Heian Period

• capital was Heian Kyo(modern-day Kyoto)

• height of Japanese classical culture

• imperial court life was dominated by Fujiwara → marriages established close ties with the imperial family

• accumulated private lands (exempt from imperial control), controlled politics from “behind the scenes”, patrons of the arts

Kamakura Shogunate

• a military dictatorship/government established by Minamoto Yoritomo

Samurai

a warrior class

• Shogun

• Daimyo

• Elite Warriors

• Lower level soldiers and guards

Daimyo

feudal lords

Shogun

military ruler

Shinto

• means “way of the kami”; the traditional Japanese religion

• it existed for hundreds of years without a name before the arrival of Buddhism

Zen Buddhism

• originated in China and developed in Japan

• an austere (strict) faith

Lady Murasaki

wrote the Tale of Genji → which portrays the lives and customs of the aristocracy during the Heian Period

Genghis Khan

• born in Mongolia around 1162 (Birth name: Temujin)

• under his rule, he built a large army to destroy tribes in northeast Asia

• a member of the Borjigin tribe and a descendant of Khabul Khan

• During his early life, he was seen as an unlikely ruler

• Brilliant military tactics

  → Bow and arrow on horseback

  → Faked retreats to trap pursuing armies

  →Adopting methods from conquered people

Kublai Khan

• Grandson of Genghis Khan

• Ruler of Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

• Only Dynasty not ruled by Chinese rulers, instead it was ruled by Mongols

• One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire

• Mongolia, China, and Tibet region

Golden Horde

• Western Asia and Russia

• One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire

Ilkhanate

• Middle East

• One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire

Chagatai Khanate

• Central Asia

• One of four regions after the division of the Mongol Empire