Carbohydrates/Sugars

Ketose vs Aldose

Ketone group vs aldose group on anomeric carbon

What does a reducing sugar have?

Free aldehyde group

How do you turn a reducing sugar into a non-reducing sugar?

Glycosidic bond at reducing end

How does a linear sugar cyclize?

3rd (furanose) or 4th OH (pyranose) group attacks anomeric carbon

Between which Carbons does a glycosidic bond form between two sugars?

Carbon 1 and Carbon 4

How is a glycosidic bond named?

Use alpha/beta from anomeric carbon then state which carbons are bonded

Why is cellulose insoluble to humans?

Beta linkages

Why is chitin insoluble to humans?

Beta Linkages and branching

Why can humans break down amylose?

Standard 1,4 link

What are the branches on glycogen good for?

Reducing glycogen breakdown times