Textiles - Unit 3

Final exam: 12/08 from 3:30-6:30

What classifies upholstered furniture?

Has an outer covering surrounding and concealing a filling or stuffing; also contains a spring, fabric lining, and framework

What is typically best for stuffing/filling?

Down feather

What is typically best for a frame?

maple wood

What is the deck?

The combination of the platform, springs, and the filling structures that support the seat cushion

What is the bottom?

It is located underneath the deck and conceals the springs with a fabric 

What is Up-the-Bolt fabric application

applying fabrics vertically/with the pattern facing right side up

What is railroad application

applying fabrics horizontally/the pattern is turned

Knife-edge treatment

common in contemporary furniture, a smooth seam of fabric

welting (boxing)

has trim at the seam of fabric 

Zipper boxing

removable fabric with a zipper

tight pillow construction

not removable

lose pillow construction

removable (think of a pillow cover)

Kick pleat skirt

most common 

Double kick pleat skirt

more pleats at corner

Shirred

Curtain-like appearance, normally found in bedrooms

Box pleat

Looks like fringe but thicker

Princess skirt

Slipcovers

Used to protect coverings from excessive soil accumulation from one season to the other

What are the different types of Surface Embellishments?

quilting, nail-head trimming, tufting, and channel back tufting

What is the difference between tufting and channel back tufting

tufting uses buttons to create a diamond pattern, channel back tufting creates a straight line pattern

Compressibility

the ease with which a textile structure can be crushed or reduced in thickness for comfort

Loftiness

having bulk without heaviness

What type of design is loftiness desired for?

residential

What are the best examples for filling with high liftiness

Down and feather

Compression resiliency

the ability to recover from compression 

Flammability

a very important variable when upholstered furniture catches fire

Where should flammability be evaluated?

outer coverings and exterior construction

Gimp

The space in between the upholstery and the show wood

What are the different types of fibrous batting?

cotton, wool (most common in upholstery), curled hair, and bonded polyester (most common in outdoor furniture)

Qualities of foam cushions

Preserves its own shape and form

What do most companies do to increase the longevity of foam cushions?

They wrap it in down or feathers

What are other types of foam cushions?

latex and polyurethane

Loose particulate materials 

Type of filling; typically feathers

Down

soft undercoat from waterfowl; it does not have a quill, but is more expensive

Feathers

soft and lofty filling materials, but not normally used due to allergies

Fiberfill

crimped polyester filling

loose filling material 

synthetic down 

What are fabrics normally covered in to protect the filling and cushion?

Muslim

Curtains

sheer, lightweight coverings without linings

Draperies

heavy, often opaque coverings usually with linings

Stationary casement

curtain lining, found in hotel rooms

draw curtains

operate on a traversing rod allowing them to open

sash curtain

Panels anchored to the top and bottom of windows, normally found on french doors

tie backs upper edge

do not cross at upper edge

priscilla

cross at upper edge

cafe curtains

cover the lower half of a window

cape cod

combination of tieback and cafe

Valence

Skirt located at top of widow, draperies are installed behind, hides the mechanisms of the drapery

One-way draw

Draw/open from one side to the other

Two-way draw

panel on both sides, pulled to center

held back curtains

always free to be closed, fabric is the rope with a medallion to hold it back

Headings

Top of curtain and drapery panels

Swags

Softly draping lengths of fabric

Jabot

pleated side with lower edges level or angled, short, in front or behind valence

Cascade

same as jabot but comes to floor

cornice

hard mount, hides mechanisms

Lambrequin

cornice with straight sides and shaped front panels

Cantonniere

lambrequin coming to floor

Conventional rods

inexpensive, needs a covering

continental rod

curtain/drape has a pocket the rod goes through

decorative rods

wood, metal, or plastic, rings or grommets secure the panels

Fabric panel

width of drapery

solar/wibinle transmittance

amount of solar energy and visible light coming through

shutters

can be functional or fixed

Carpet

securely fastened floor covering

rug

loosely laid floor covering

wall-to-wall carpet

covers entire floor space from baseboard to baseboard

modules

carpet tiles or squares

Types of rug sizes

room-size, runner, area, scatter

Pile sweep

similar to direction of velvet nap, nap must go in same direction

pile height

length of tufts above backing

pile thickness

average thickness of pile material

density

spacing of tufts, influences surface appearance, the more density, the higher the price

cut and uncut

cut is a softer texture

yarn twist

weight of twist influences appearance

Velour skip

fine, soft, dense construction, normally 0.25” H

Plush

aka velvet, goes up to 0.75” H, has lower twists

Saxony

has higher twist than plush, each yarn end is well defined

Frieze

aka twist texture, same as saxony with more twists

Snag

goes up to 1.250” H (highest)

Tip shear

loop carpet with selective shearing, looks textured because of lighting

Multi-level loop pile

noticeable difference in heights of pile yarns

Sculptured

2 sizes of pile, 3-D look

high-low

not much of a pattern

random shear

uppermost portions are sheared

surface coloration

it is important for rugs to enhance the furniture of a space

Examples of woven carpet

woven cut pile carpet, wilton wover carpet, Velvet woven carpet, chenille woven carpet

Oriental rug

uses geometric shapes, dragons, things in nature, etc.

Savonnierie

french, pattern dispersion

Aubusson

French

Persian

made with persian knots (have a central focus and intentional mistakes)

turkish

Made with Turkish knots and intentionally imperfect

Rya rug

normally composed of wool

Flokati rug

Greek

Hand constructed flat rugs

no pile, khilim, native american, dhurrie rug, floor mats

What are the 3 categories of carpet/rug cushions

fibrous, cellular rubber, and foam cushion

material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

identifies hazardous chemicals and health and physical hazards

OSHA

require MSDS be available to all employees

AATCC technical manual

tests dyed and chemically treated fibers and fabrics

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

one of the largest standards organizations