Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Animals & Plants – Lab Survey

106 key vocabulary cards reviewing bacterial shapes, protists, fungi, animal body plans, plant groups, and representative species from the lab notes.

Spirilla

Corkscrew-shaped bacteria

Cocci (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus)

Purple, round, ball-shaped bacteria

Bacilli (e.g., Escherichia coli)

Rod-shaped bacteria

Amoeba (Phylum Rhizopoda)

Pink, shapeless protist that moves by pseudopodia; heterotrophic

Radiolarian (Phylum Actinopoda)

Protist with silica glass shells; uses pseudopodia; heterotrophic

Paramecium (Phylum Ciliophora)

Ciliated protist with an oral groove; heterotrophic

Diatoms (Phylum Bacillariophyta)

Blue-green, autotrophic protists; locomotion listed as cilia in notes

Foraminiferans (Forams)

Calcium-carbonate shelled protists; fuzzy seashell appearance; move by pseudopodia; heterotrophic

Peridinium (Dinoflagellate)

Two-teacup-shaped autotroph that swims with flagella

Cyanobacteria – Anabaena

Blue-green, bead-like autotroph that glides; resembles Mardi Gras beads

Trypanosoma (Trypanosome)

Flagellated blood parasite; purple cell among red blood cells; heterotrophic

Chitin

Substance forming fungal cell walls

Saprobe

Organism (often fungus) that absorbs nutrients from dead matter

Symbiont (Fungi)

Fungus living in mutualistic association with another organism

Glycogen (Fungi)

Primary carbohydrate storage molecule in fungi

Chytridiomycetes

Water molds; one of the four main fungal groups

Zygomycetes

Bread molds; produce zygospores

Ascomycetes

Cup or sac fungi; produce ascospores in asci

Basidiomycetes

Club fungi such as mushrooms; form basidia and basidiospores

Allomyces

Water mold representative of Chytridiomycetes

Rhizopus stolonifer

Common bread mold found on decaying food, soil and dust

Peziza

Cup/sac fungus with spores lined in a row on the cup interior

Morchella esculenta

Edible morel belonging to Ascomycetes, not Basidiomycetes

Penicillin (genus Penicillium)

Ascomycete mold source of common antibiotic; causes fruit rot on citrus

Sordaria

Ascomycete with black/tan spores used in genetics studies

Basidium

Club-shaped structure in Basidiomycetes that bears basidiospores

Basidiospore

Reproductive spore (usually 4 per basidium) produced by Basidiomycetes

Coprinus

Basidiomycete mushroom with basidia arranged like a flower

Bracket fungi

Shelf-like Basidiomycetes growing on wood

Puffballs

Basidiomycete fruiting bodies that release spores in a cloud

Bird’s-nest fungi

Basidiomycetes shaped like cups containing egg-like spore packets

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast used in baking & brewing; reproduces asexually by budding

Budding (Yeast)

Asexual reproduction where a small cell pinches off from parent yeast

Crustose lichen

Crust-like lichen growth form

Foliose lichen

Leaf-like lichen growth form

Fruticose lichen

Shrub-like, bushy lichen growth form

Porifera

Sponges with asymmetric body plan

Cnidaria

Jellyfish & corals with radial symmetry and polyp/medusa forms

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms; bilaterally symmetrical; move with muscles & cilia

Nematoda

Roundworms; largest and most common animal parasites

Polyp

Sessile, tubular cnidarian body form

Medusa

Free-swimming, bell-shaped cnidarian form

Coelomate

Animal with a true body cavity completely lined by mesoderm (e.g., earthworm)

Pseudocoelomate

Animal with body cavity partially lined by mesoderm (e.g., Ascaris)

Acoelomate

Animal lacking a body cavity (e.g., planarian, hydra)

Crop (Earthworm)

Thin-walled storage chamber for food

Gizzard (Earthworm)

Thick-walled organ that grinds food with sand

Aortic arches (Earthworm)

Five pairs of “hearts” that pump blood

Seminal vesicles (Earthworm)

White sacs that store and release sperm

Spirogyra

Green alga with spiral chloroplasts

Marchantia

Liverwort with gemmae cups and palm-tree-like archegoniophores

Gemmae cups

Cup-shaped asexual reproductive structures on liverworts

Archegoniophore

Female reproductive stalk of liverwort bearing archegonia

Polytrichum (Haircap moss)

Nonvascular moss that relies on water for reproduction

Nonvascular plant

Plant lacking vascular tissue; water required for reproduction

Seedless vascular plant

Fern and relative relying on water for reproduction but possessing vascular tissue

Gymnosperm

Seeded vascular plant with naked, exposed seeds

Angiosperm

Seeded vascular plant with enclosed seeds (flowering plants)

Selaginella (Spike moss)

Seedless vascular plant with micro- and megaspores

Lycopodium (Club moss)

Seedless vascular plant resembling tiny pine trees

Equisetum (Horsetail)

Jointed seedless vascular plant with silica in stems

Sori

Clusters of sporangia on fern fronds

Pine

Common gymnosperm producing cones and needles

Ginkgo biloba

Fan-leaved gymnosperm; living fossil

Cycad ("Sago palm")

Palm-like gymnosperm with large cones

Bald cypress

Deciduous conifer gymnosperm

Crape myrtle

Flowering angiosperm tree/shrub

Venus flytrap

Carnivorous angiosperm that snaps shut on insects

Lithops (Living stones)

Succulent angiosperms that mimic stones

Succulent

Plant with thick, water-storing tissues; includes many cacti

Red algae

Marine seaweed used in food (e.g., ice cream additives)

Brown algae

Large marine algae including Sargassum, Laminaria, Fucus

Sargassum

Brown, olive-green pelagic seaweed with air bladders

Laminaria

Kelp-like brown alga at least a foot long

Fucus

Brown alga or "wrack" with air bladders; macroscopic

Air bladders (Seaweeds)

Gas-filled floats that keep algae upright near light