Biology Lab 4: Infraglottic Cavity, Renal Pelvis, and Related Structures

Hyoid

Note: superior to the thyroid cartilage, has three parts (the body forms the central segment of the hyoid; bilaterally the greater horns project backwards and are larger and longer than the conical shaped lesser horns)

Name the Bone

Body of Hyoid

Name the Specific Part of the Hyoid

Greater Horns of Hyoid

Name the Specific Part of the Hyoid

Lesser Horns of Hyoid

Name the Specific Part of the Hyoid

Epiglottis (Lateral View)

Name the Structure

Epiglottis (Posterior View)

Name the Structure

Thyrohyoid Membrane (Anterior View)

Note: attached to superior border of thyroid cartilage and inferior border of hyoid bone, pierced by internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery and vein

Name the Structure

Thyroid Cartilage (Anterior View)

Note: composed of two, plate-like laminae that fuse to form a protrusion called the laryngeal prominence (Adam's Apple), posterior border of each lamina has a superior horn and an inferior horn

Name the Structure

Thyroid Cartilage (Posterior View)

Name the Structure

Laryngeal Prominence (Anterior View)

Name the Part of the Thyroid Cartilage

Superior Horn (Posterior View)

Note: this is inferior to greater horn of hyoid when viewed posteriorly

Name the Part of the Thyroid Cartilage

Inferior Horn (Posterior View)

Name the Part of the Thyroid Cartilage

Arytenoid Cartilages (Posterior View)

Note: paired pyramid-shaped structures superior to the cricoid cartilages, attach to vocal folds/ligaments (vocal process of each arytenoid cartilage is directed anteriorly and attaches to vocal ligament), muscular process of each arytenoid cartilage projects posterolaterally from the base of the arytenoid cartilage and attaches to posterior cricoarytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Name the Structure

Corniculate Cartilage (Posterior View)

Name the Structure

Cricothyroid Ligament (Anterior View)

Name the Structure

Cricoid Cartilage (Posterior View)

Note: wider posteriorly compared to anteriorly

Name the Structure

Cricoid Cartilage (Anterior View)

Name the Structure

Trachea

Note: numerous C-shaped cartilaginous "rings", located inferior to the larynx

Name the Structure

Cricothyroid (Anterior View)

Note: cricothyroid LIGAMENT is MEDIAL while cricothyroid MUSCLE is LATERAL (remember that L goes with M), located in between cricoid and thyroid cartilages, tenses the vocal ligament (makes it more taut, thus raises pitch), only larynx muscle with motor innervation by the external laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve, while everything else is innervated by inferior branch of recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve)

Name the Muscle

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (Posterior View)

Note: abduct the vocal folds, thus opening the rima glottidis (only muscle that opens vocal cords)

Name the Muscle

Arytenoid (Posterior View)

Note: has oblique and transverse heads, oblique is continuous with aryepiglottal fold

Name the "X" Shaped Muscle Above the Purple Muscle

Oblique Head of Arytenoid

Name the Part of the Arytenoid (#6)

Transverse Head of Arytenoid

Name the Part of the Arytenoid

Vestibular Folds (Coronal View)

Note: superior to vocal cords

Name Structure #2

Vestibular Folds (Lateral/Saggital View)

Name the Structure

Vestibular Folds (Superior/Axial View)

Name the Structure

Vocal Folds (Coronal View)

Note: inferior to vestibular cords

Name Structure #5

Vocal Folds (Lateral/Saggital View)

Name the Structure

Vocal Folds (Superior/Axial View)

Name the Structure

Thyroarytenoid (Superior/Axial View)

Note: this is a muscle WITHIN the vocal fold (if asked for a muscle within the vocal fold, THIS is the answer), attaches anteriorly to thyroid cartilage, sometimes the medial segment is called the vocalis muscle (though we don't need to ID that for this exam), relaxes vocal ligament and produces lower pitch

Name the Muscle

Thyroarytenoid (Lateral/Saggital View)

Name the Muscle

Aryepiglottic Folds (Posterior View)

Note: mucosa in between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

Name the Structure

Laryngeal Inlet (Posterior View)

Name the Opening (NOT the Structure)

Vestibule (Posterior View)

Note: space between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

Name the Opening Between #1 & #2

Vestibule (Lateral View)

Name the Opening

Ventricle (Posterior View)

Note: space between vestibular folds and vocal folds

Name the Opening Between #2 & #5

Ventricle (Lateral View)

Name the Opening

Rima Glottidis (Posterior View)

Note: slit between vocal folds where speech is produced

Name Opening #3

Rima Glottidis (Superior/Axial View)

Name the Opening

Infraglottic Cavity (Posterior View)

Note: space from vocal folds to cricoid cartilages (inferior is trachea)

Name Opening #4

Infraglottic Cavity (Lateral View)

Name the Opening

Piriform Recess

Note: lateral to laryngeal inlet & medial to thyroid cartilage

Name the Space (food can get caught here)

Internal Laryngeal Nerve

Note: lateral to the aryepiglottic folds, branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve, supplies all sensory innervation superior to the vocal folds

IMPORTANT: if you see a posterior view of the larynx with the epligottis visualized and there is a nerve running laterally, this is the internal laryngeal

Name the Nerve

Inferior Laryngeal Nerve

Note: medial to cricothyroid joint, supplies sensory innervation of the vocal folds and sensory innervation of the mucosa inferior to the vocal folds, supplies motor innervation to whole larynx, except the cricothyroid muscle

Name the Nerve

Renal Cortex

Name the Kidney Region

Fibrous Capsule

Name the Kidney Region

Renal Medulla (AKA Renal Pyramids)

Name the Kidney Region

Renal Columns

Note: these are cortical tissue invading inwards

Name the Kidney Region

Renal Papilla

Note: papilla are the apex of a pyramid

Name the Kidney Region

Minor Calyx

Note: miniscule space immediately distal to a renal papilla

Name the Kidney Region

Major Calyx

Note: formed by convergence of minor calyces

Name the Kidney Region

Renal Pelvis

Note: funnel shaped, narrows into ureter, sometimes can see sympathetic ganglion which innervates it

Name the Kidney Region

Renal Sinus

Note: space filed with the renal pelvis, perirenal fat, segmental arteries and segmental veins

Name the Space