Studied by 44 peopleInnovation
When an existing object or method is made more effective or efficient
Invention
Entirely new object or method is introduced
Prehistory
Period in human history before the development of writing
Ancient Era
Period of human history from 3000 BCE - 476 CE
Middle Ages
Period of human history from 500 CE - 1500 CE
Modern Era
Period of human history from 1500 CE to present time
Paleolithic Era
The period from about 2.5 million years ago to 8,000 BCE, also known as the Old Stone Age
Neolithic Era
The period of human history from 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE.
Artifacts
Human-made objects that can reveal aspects of culture.
Culture
A peopleās unique way of life and involve shared ways of doing things in common.
Hominid
Creatures that walk upright.
Technology
Ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet needs.
Lithic
A word meaning āstoneā, often referring to stone tools.
Common Era (CE)
The time period that refers to dates after the year 0.
Before the Common Era (BCE)
The time period that refers to dates before the year 0.
Before present (BP)
A time reference used to refer to dates many thousands or millions of years in the past.
Agriculture
The growing of crops
Neolithic Revolution
The change in human life characterized by development of agriculture and permanent settlement.
Slash-and-burn
An early farming method that increased yields through use of ashes.
Domestication
The taming of animals to provide a steady source of protein.
Catal Huyuk
A example of a Neolithic settlement in what is today Turkey. It has few roads and people get about on rooftops.
Granary
Building used to store crops and grain.
Civilization
A complex culture with five characteristics, which developed first in ancient Sumer.
Specialization
The development of skills in a particular kind of work, which increases efficiency.
Artisan
Workers who make goods by hand.
Institution
A long-lasting pattern of organization in a community.
Scribe
These were professional record keepers in ancient Sumer.
Cuneiform
An early writing system that used wedge-shaped symbols.
Bronze Age
A period beginning in ancient Sumer characterized by items being made of copper and tin melted together.
Ziggurat
A massive temple in the Sumerian city of Ur that served as the centre of religion and government.
Phoencians
Ancient civilization found in the eastern Mediterranean that made well-designed merchant ships that carry more cargo for trade and travel farther.
Gauloi
Boat developed by the Phoenicians that was wide, had a great amount of storage space, and was equipped with a sail.
Aqueduct
A navigable channel constructed on arches to move water from one place to another, first developed by the Romans.
Stirrup
An invention that made fighting from horseback more effective, resulting in the creation of mounted knights in Western europe.
Feudalism
A social and political structure in which a vassal held land from a king or great lord in exchange for military service.
Printing press
An innovation of the late Middle Ages that dramatically increased the rate of book copying.
Johannes Gutenberg
A German blacksmith who used movable type to create the first printing press.
Smallpox vaccine
An innovation that used a mild version of a viral infection to create the first protection against serious viral infections.
Edward Jenner
A country doctor in England during the 18th century who developed the first vaccine.
Steam Engine
Developed in the 1700s, was fueled by coal, and created great amounts of energy. It was first used to remove water from coal mines.
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