functional organization of the nervous system

central nervous system

runs through the brain and spinal cord, brings signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system.

peripheral nervous system

includes the nerves all around the body (not in the head and spinal cord)

afferent nerves

nerves that bring signals to the cns part of the peripheral nervous system

efferent neurons

part of the periphery nervous system bring signals out of the cns

inter neurons

located in the cns make reflex circuits with the efferent and afferent neurons

somatic senses

touch feel, pain pressure, proprioception (physicical location of joints)

special senses

vision tase hearing smell

visceral senses

ph, blood pressure, oxygen content, and more, basically most bio indicators

mechanoreceptors

receptors in cell membranes that open when stretched leading to the influx of ions triggering ion potential, how we feel things. stronger input equals higher input of action potentials.

cervical cord

top part of the spinal cord regulates the head neck and arms

thoracic cord

second part of the spinal cord controls the body

lumbar cord

second lowest part of the spinal cord deals with the legs

sacral cord

lowest part of the spinal cord controls the legs

dorsal root

caries afferent signals into the cns

ventral root

carries efferent signals out of the cns

grey matter

made up of cell bodies dendrites, and synapses

white matter

made of axons

spinal reflex

a response to stimulus produced by efferent afferent and inter neurons with no input from the brain, like the knee reflex. 

cranial nerves

nerves originating from the ventral surface in the brain

vagus nerve

cranial nerve responsible for autonomic functions of the gut and cardiac inhibition in the autonomic nervous system.

medulla oblongola

includes neurons controlling breathing heart rate, reflex actions and acts as a relay point of information located at the bottom of the brainstem

pons region

middle of the brain stem controls communication of cerebellum with the cerebral cortext and brand stem

midbrain

at the top of the brain stem deals with visual and auditory stimuli

cerebellum

controls motor planning and motor learning

thalamus

part of the diencephalon, located rostral to the midbrain relay for info going into and out of the cerebral cortex. 

hypothalamus

part of the diencephalon, located under the thalamus regulates hormone release and the autonomic nervous system

central sulcus

separates parietal and frontal lobes

lateral fissure

separates the temporal lobe from the lobes around it

longitudinal fissure

splits the brain in half

occipital lobe

in the back of the brain responsible for early-stage vision

temporal lobe

located under the parietal lobe and frontal lobe does memory hearing and language comprehension.

parietal lobe

behind the frontal lobe does late stage vision and somatosory senses

frontal lobe

located in the front of the brain responsible for planning and signaling movements inhibition of inappropriate behaviors, and working memory

limbic system

group of structures in the middle of the brain control emotional, interoperation of the world, sexual behaviors, involved in memory has reward ad punishment centers, and site of action of euphoria producing drugs. 

functions of the hypothalamus

regulates the sympathetic nervous system, body osmolarity, body temp, reproductive functions, food intake, interacts with the limbic system to control emotions, influences cardiovascular control through the medulla oblongola, releases tropic hormones

amygdla

controls autonomic nervous systems response to emotional states

cerebral cortext

interacts with sub cortical structures to guide behavior

basal ganglia

group of structures that control smooth connected movement

blood brain barrier

cells around blood cells in the brain that prevent anything from going through, to protect from viruses and bacteria.