SCSC 311 Cotton key terms

Yarn directions: Warp

length wise

Yarn directions: Weft

cross yarns

Developed flying shuttle (shed (stick) heddle bar

John Kay

Developed Spinning Jenny (1767)

James Hargrave

Added rollers to the jenny

Richard Arkwright

Developed the Mule Jenny (1779)

Samuel Compton

Developed the Ring Spinning Frame (1828)

James Thorpe

Combining bales in the opening room

Blending

Process removes trash initially

Cleaning

Further cleaning and opening of fibers = picker lap

Picking

Opens picker lap to further clean and twist = sliver

Carding

Combine slivers: draw out over multi. Rollers = roving

Drawing

Draw and twist (ring/air jet) or open and warp = yarn

Spinning

Roll yarns onto wrap beam

Warping

Add sizing, i.e. starch, to add strength for weaving

Slashing

Interlacing yarns to make fabric

Weaving

Patented the cotton gin (1794)

Eli Whitney

Vegetative branch

Monopodia

Segment of a limb

Podite

Reproductive branch

Sympodia

Tobacco, lumber, sugar/sugar cane, silk

What did the English interested in over cotton

Hirsutum

Barbadense

Aboruem

Herbaceum

Cotton species

• Only reproduced on cotton

• Control

  • No insecticides

  • Hand removal

  • Row direction and furrow depth

  • Stalk destruction (becomes a crucial method)

• Responds to day length

  • With shorter days, they begin to build up fat tissue to survive winter

Mexican boll weevil

• 1900: introduced from Egypt

• Resulted from a natural hybridization between a sea island and “Jumel’s cotton tree” in Cairo, Egypt

Pima

• USDA scientist

• Father of the sterilization technique

  • Developed the sterile male release strategy; little or no pesticide involvement

Dr. Ed Knipling

Ring spinning (and air jet)

Align and twist

Open ended spinning

Align and wrap