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Foreshadowing

A hint or clue that suggests something will happen later in the story.

Onomatopoeia

A word that imitates or sounds like the sound it describes, such as “buzz,” “bang,” or “crash.”

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words, often used to create rhythm or emphasize an idea.

Consonance

The repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of nearby words.

Repetition

Deliberately using the same word, phrase, sound, or idea multiple times to emphasize it or make it memorable.

Juxtaposition

Placing two contrasting ideas, characters, settings, or images next to each other to highlight their differences.

Symbolism

When an object, character, color, place, or action represents a deeper meaning or idea beyond its literal meaning.

Pathetic Fallacy

Giving nature or the weather human emotions or using the environment to reflect a character's mood. For example, a storm representing anger or sadness.

Paradox

A statement or idea that seems contradictory or impossible but reveals a deeper truth.

Rhetorical Question

A question asked for effect rather than to receive an actual answer, usually to make the audience think or emphasize a point.

Metaphor

A comparison between two things that says one thing is another, without using “like” or “as.”

Simile

A comparison between two things using “like” or “as.”

Alliteration

The repetition of the same beginning sound in words that are close together.

Imagery

Descriptive language that creates a picture or sensation in the reader’s mind.

Tone

The attitude or feeling expressed by the writer toward the subject or audience. (what the author wants the reader to feel) This can be both formal, used to make the audience FEEL

Personification

Giving human qualities, emotions, or actions to something non-human.

Expletive Language

Swear words or strong expressions used to show emotion, anger, shock, or emphasis.

Loaded Words

Words that have strong emotional associations and are chosen to influence how the reader feels.

Enjambement

When a sentence or phrase continues from one line of poetry to the next without punctuation or a pause.

Rhyme

When words have the same or similar ending sounds.

Allusion

A reference to a well-known person, event, place, text, or idea without directly explaining it.

Anachronism

Something that appears in a time period where it does not belong.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, lines, or clauses.

Anthropomorphism

Giving human characteristics or behavior to animals, objects, or other non-human things.

Cliché

An expression or idea that has been used so often that it has become predictable or unoriginal.

Euphemism

A softer or less direct expression used instead of a word or phrase that may be unpleasant, offensive, or uncomfortable.

Figurative Language

Language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words to create comparisons, images, or deeper meanings.

Hyperbole

A deliberate and extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect.

Irony

A contrast between what is expected or said and what actually happens or is meant.

Satire

The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize people, ideas, or society.

Oxymoron

Two words or ideas with opposite meanings placed together to create a striking expression.

Syntax

The way words and sentences are arranged to create meaning or a particular effect.

synecdoche

a figure of speech where a part is used to mean the whole (like “boots” for “soldiers”) or the whole is used to mean a part. It’s a type of metonymy, and it’s also used in advertising and everyday speech.

Apostrophe

a punctuation mark used in English to show omission (like “can’t” for “cannot”) and to show possession (like “John’s book”). It can also appear in some special cases, such as certain plurals of letters or numbers (like “the 1960’s”).