Global 10 Historical/Geographic Circumstances

Enlightenment

-Scientific Revolution.

-Using reason and logic to solve problems.

-Absolute Monarchs abusing their power.

-Absolute monarchs used the divine right theory to justify their power.

-People began to question traditional values and teachings.

French Revolution

-Inequality between the three estates of France.

-Third Estate/peasants paid all the taxes.

-Absolute Monarchs/Kings of France had been abusing their power, and spending all the country's money on themselves while people starved.

Industrial Revolution

-Agricultural Revolution.

-Great Britain's geography and natural resources.

-People moved from rural areas to cities to find jobs in factories.

-Better farming led to more food and higher population.

Creation of Communism by Marx 1840's

-Child labor.

-Reaction to poor living and working conditions from industrial revolution.

Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

-Napoleon conquered most of Europe.

-Napoleonic Wars.

-French Revolution.

-Napoleon.

Latin American Revolutions 1800s

-French Revolution

-American Revolution.

-Encomienda System.

-Napoleonic Wars.

-Spread of Enlightenment ideas.

Unification of Italy and Germany

-Congress of Vienna.

-Nationalism.

19th-20th century Imperialism

-Europeans wanted colonies to gain more natural resources and open new markets.

-Need for more natural resources to feed the machines.

Berlin Conference 1884-1885

-Imperialism.

-Scramble for Africa.

-Belgian control and abuse of the Congo.

-Desire to gain colonies, resources, and wealth.

Meiji Restoration 1868

-Japan had been closed off to the rest of the world for hundreds of years during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

-Western countries wanted to open Japan up to trade.

World War I 1914-1918

MANIA: Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

World War II (1939-1945)

G.R.E.A.T.: Great Depression, Rise of fascism and totalitarianism, Expansion and invasion of Poland, Appeasement, Treaty of Versailles

Russian Revolution (1917)

-Terrible working and living conditions for Russians.

-Poor leadership of Czar Nicholas II.

-Russian people are starving.

-Russians are losing WWI.

-Communist ideas of Karl Marx

Gandhi's Independence Movement and Partition of India

-British imperialism in India.

-British colonization of India.

-Conflicts between Muslims and Hindus in India.

Cold War (1945-1991)

-World War II.

-Disagreements between the US and Soviet Union over communism/capitalism.

-Soviet Union wanted to spread communism around the world.

-US wanted to contain communism.

-Decolonization

Decolonization (1950s-Present)

-European imperialism.

-Scramble for Africa.

-Berlin Conference.

-Europeans split up Africa amongst themselves without including Africans.

Globalization (1950s-Present)

-Improved technology, transportation, and communication.

-Industrialization.

-New technologies.

Iranian Revolution of 1979

-USA backed the Shah.

-Shah attempted to modernize and westernize Iran.

-Shah was forced to flee, and US put him back in power.

-Muslim leaders in country did not like direction the Shah was taking the country.