APWH Unit 1

hunting and gathering societies were marked by...

-subsistence farming

-limited trade

-little specialization of labor

the human species was characterized in the Paleolithic Age by all of the following EXCEPT

the developement of agricultural-based economies

women were important contributors to the Agricultural Revolution because they were likely the ones who...

gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew

All of the follow were features of the civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus River EXCEPT

religious systems that had sacrifice rituals

Which of the following locations was one of the earliest Neolithic settlements?

Catal Huyuk

Which of the following is NOT generally considered to be an attribute of "civilization"?

the absence of social class divisions

One of the philosophical innovations of Hammurabi's law code was that...

a consistent set of regulations should govern society

which of the following are the Egyptians thought to have originated?

the manufacture of paper

What do researchers now think brought about the fall of the Indus River Society?

-fighting between ethnic groups

-enviromental factors

-population growth

Which best describes the term patriarchal?

Women's inferior status places them under the protection of male and famile members.

While sharing the same language and customs, relations between Mesopotamian city-states were

Characterized by constant conflict.

Which of the following female pharaohs was the most powerful in ancient Egypt?

Hatshepsut

How is the scene from the Egyptian "Book the Dead" similar to Christian religious beliefs?

Each religion has an idea about being judged by a God after death.

The Neolithic Revolution wa characterized by the

Change from nomadic herding to settled farming.

Fundamental concpets of Egyptian religion were based upon

The vision of a cosmic order that is rooted in the idea of god-kings.

How did the harshness and ruggedness of the terrain in the Andes Mountains affect the way that societies evolved there?

People were forced to cooperate with each other and create an effective division of labor.

In traditional Chinese culture, which philosophy had the greatest influence on the development of social order and political organization?

Confucianism

In the Zhou dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven meant that rulers

Were allowed to keep their power if they ruled justly and wisely.

In China, Confucianism emphasized the idea that

Individuals should know and do what is expected of them in society.

All of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT

chastity by husbands

Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?`

due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the duty of emperors

Why were bronze and oracle bones so important to the Shang?

Oracle bones were thought to predict the future and bronze was a sign of wealth.

The "Son of Heaven" concept was designed to promote all of the following EXCEPT

an explanation of the decline of dynasties

Which of the following staple crops is most associated with the rise of Mesoamerican civilizations?

maize

Which of the following was the most important trade item for Nubians?

iron

Daoists would agree with Confucianism on which of the following

the dislike of greed

All of the following are true of the early Amerindian civilizations in Central and South America EXCEPT

economies based mostly on trade

One similarity in the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, ancient Indian (Harappan), and ancient Chinese civilizations was that they each developed

a system of writing

A characteristic the Shang shared with Egyptians was which of the following

development of a writing system

The period at the end of the Zhou Dynasty and just before Chinese unification is called

the Warring States Period

Which society has a language that is not deciphered yet historians have examined extensive murals, paintings, and the royal palace on their island homeland to better undeerstand their life?

Minoans

What factor accountd for the Assyrians' success in creating their empire?

-They had a large army on horseback

-They made and used iron weapons

-Their leaders ruled with ruthlessness

Which people developed the world's first alphabet?

the Phoenicians

The innovation most associated with the ancient Hebrews is

monotheistic worship

Ninevah was the capital city for

The Assyrians

Which of the following is NOT related to the Jewish faith?

son of heaven

Chrisians incorporated the Jewish books of the Torah as

the first five books of the Old Testament

What statement best characterizes the Phoenicians?

Trade, ships, and carthage

From which of the following did the Phoenicians extract a purple dye?

the murex snail

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the decline of the Mycenaeans?

internal political conflict and cultural decline

"The (re is) persistence of pagan practices and folk beliefs among newly Christianized peoples- as in the morphing of local deities into minor saints, or the conversion of pagan holidays like the winter and summer solstices into Christian ones like Christmas and St. John's Eve."

The description above best illustrates which idea?

A function of syncretism

According to Eusebius, Constantine's conversion to Christianity was driven by which of the following?

A desire to create a more stable and unified Roman empire

Which of the followingis most directly related to Constantine's conversion to Christianity?

The successful conversion of the Roman empire to Christianity

Which people developed the first usage of coins?

the Lydians

Darius , the king of Persia, accomplised all of the following EXCEPT

freeing the Hebrews and helping them rebuild

Which of the following paths connected Persia roughly from east to west?

Great Royal Road

All of the following are characteristics that the Greek city-states had in common EXCEpt

similar government and legal systems

Sparta, the Greek city- state, was founded on what beliefs and values?

Strength, courge, endurance, and loyalty

In Ancient Greece, which factor did NOT keep Greek city- states apart?

Each city-state spoke a different language and worshipped different deities

What was a big difference between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta?

Athenians were more the philosophical type, Spartans loved battle

Socrates, an Athenian philosopher, taught that philosophy should teach

question anyone and anything in order to know yourself

The distinctive features of the polis were an acropolis and agora. Acropolis and agora mean

"highest city" and "open place"

The statuary below was produced in

ancient Greece

Which statement best refers to Alexander the Great?

He typically rules through local hierarchies

The Hellenistic empire of Alexander

blended culutral characteristics of the Mediterranean and the Middle East

In Greek society, women were treated as...

inferior to men both socially and politically

What is the best definition of a satrap?

the local ruler of a province

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Zoroastrianism?

belief in reincarnation of the dead

One major irony of Athenian democracy was

an abundance of slaves

Which of the follwing contributed MOST to the decline of both the Roman and Han empires?

growing reliance on mercenary units

what was one of the factors that led to the fall of Rome?

Internal decay and overexpansion

What was the first united Ancient Chinese dynasty?

Qin

According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that

society should follow rules of order and conduct

What do the Code of Hammurabi and Roman Law have in common?

They both represented important steps away form arbitary exercise of power

Which of the following contributed significantly to the fall of BOTH the western Roman and the Han empires?

Nomadic invaders

What developments are true of Ancient China?

-the emperor was the supreme ruler

-Han rulers installed an effective bureaucracy

-Improved infrastucture and fortifications defended China from invasion

Looking at the view of the Chinese government in the document above, what might be the best historical interpretation of this document?

For the Chinese, culture and morality of the government is more important than politics and military might.

In document 1, Augustus says " I transferred the state from my own power to the control of Roman Senate and People" because

He wants to emphasize Rome is a Republic and holds democratic ideas.

What is the central disagreement the two documents?

How much power Augustus actually possessed

Which of the following themes do BOTH document illustrate?

State Building Expansion Conflict

Attempts to save Roman Empire from ruin included

moving the center of power away from Rome to Constantinople

Which of the following is true of BOTH the Roman Empire and the Han Empire?

Both empires were characterized by long periods of effective centralized governance

What were the Rock and Pillars Edicts that Ashoka created?

Large rocks and pillars that had laws written on them

Which socia group was so marginalized in Indian society that they were not even a part of the offical varna system?

Dalits

In India's social structure, what were the levels of India's caste system from highwst to lowest?

Brahmins, Kshatriyans, Vaishyans, Shudras

Which of the following is Not among the practices of Jainism?

Farming in order to stay close to the land

What is a major similarity between Hinduism and Buddhism?

Both religions accept that souls can reach spiritual perfection

What aspect of Buddhist expansion into China is demostrated by the passage above?

Buddhist missonaries preached that Buddhism and existing Chinese religions could coexist and even be practiced simultaneously

Based on the passage above and, which Chinese class would be most resistant to Buddhist influnce?

Scholar gentry

After six years of strict asceticism, Siddhartha Gautama decided to

adhere to a "Middle Path" of moderatio

Which of the following statements would LEAST likely fit in with the orginal teachings of Buddha?

Enlightment can most effectivelybe attained by venerating many gods and bodhisattavas.

The Gupta Dynasty was much like the Zhou Dynasty in that

they were both made up of feudal regions with central government

What did the Mauryan Empire politically do that forced India into provinces?

It divided India into separate provinces ruled by governors for tax collection and law enforcement

The region of Southeast Asia first rose to prominence and prosperity because

of its intermediary role in the trade between southern and eastern Asia

The most likely explanation for the decline of Funan in the sixth century is

international trade route changed, bypassing Funan

Buddhism appealed to many common people because

it downplayed social caste and individuals

According to the document above, what was an unintended but inevitable effect of the certain of "Silk Road"?

Cultural interactions were faciliated between the Han and regions to their west

How did the Assyrians achieve success?

throught a deliberate policy of cruelty and terror tactics.(armed with iron weapons and horse back)

Bantu and what was important? (Bantu migration and effects)

-introduction of iron making

-building permanent homes

-absorbed other tribal groups

-introduction of agriculture and new crops( yams&bananas)

-introduced centralized governement

Hammurabi's Code

first writtien set of laws ("an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth")

Neolithic Revolution

shift from hunting/gathering to plant/animal cultivation starting in 8000 b.c.e

Confucianism

believed in the existence of gods and spirits but gave little place to them in their philosophical system. Argued that a morally concerned person should be interested in how he or she acted in the material world, what happens beyond one's physical life is less important

Mandate of Heaven

justification for imperial rule

Ninevah

capital city of the Assyrians

Why did the Mycenaeans decline?

-increased conquest, yet internal collapse

-destruction of trade routes

-political unrest (palaces destroyed, Linear B gone)

Bronze Age

the use of bronze and features urban civilization

Hinduism and Buddhism similarites

-reincarnation

-different paths to enlightenment

-suffering caused by desire

-practice meditation & different forms of yoga

How did the Roman Empire fall?

-frequent changes of rulers & nomadic invasions (Germanic Tribes)

-economic crisis: high cost of defense, currency devaluation, inflation, nomadic attacks (Vandals sack Rome), moved capital to Constantinople

Gupta Achievements

-math & astronomy

-invented "Arabic" numerals

concept of "zero"

Why did Buddhism appeal so much to people

Because Buddhism believed changes in thought processes and life styles brought enlightenment not one's caste.