Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Cycle

How do plants get carbon?

From carbon dioxide they take in during photosyntehsis

What does photosynthesis do

Takes CO2 out of the atmosphere

How are humans overloading the carbon cycle?

Combusting fossil fuels more up to the atmosphere than can be taken out by photosynthesis

What form is carbon in the atmosphere?

Gas (CO2)

Where does carbon come from

Decomposition and combustion of fossil fuels and cellular respiration

How much does carbon take up in the atmosphere

Less than 1%

What does CO2 do the atmosphere

Gets kept in atmosphere and makes the Earth warm causing global warmign

What source of energy drives the carbon cycle?

Sunlight because photosynthesis needs sunlight to work and it takes CO2 out of the atmosphere

What is cellulose

Cellulose is the walls of plant cells constrains carbon and is made up of the sugars which are made by photosynthesis and its carbon is from the sugars produced by photosynthesis

How does carbon become part of the body of an animal?

Animal consumes other plants or animals in the form of sugars, proteins, carbohydrates

How is carbon released from the body of an animal?

Leaves by cellular respiration and decomposition

How does carbon leave (1)

Combustion (burning of something) of organic material (fossil fuels, plants, animal gives off carbon)

How does carbon leave (2)

Opposite of photosynthesis, cellular respiration by living organisms (conversion of food to energy) O2 + C2 H12 O6 ———— CO2 + H2O

How does carbon leave (3)

Decomposition by bacteria (more nutrients when they die)

What are the 2 ways carbon is stormed

Short term and long term

Short Term Carbon (1)

Bodies of plants and animals

Short term Carbon (2)

Sugars, fats, oils, carbohydrates

What do all the short term contain

Carbon

Long Term Carbon (1)

Carbonates (shell, bone, limestone)

Long Term Carbon (2)

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

Long Term (3)

Carbon Sinks

Carbon Sink Examples

Ocean, rain, forest, limestone

Carbon sink facts (1)

Long term storage of carbon

Carbon sink facts (2)

Form limestone over long periods of time

Carbon sink facts (3)

Mady up of natural things that can absorb carbon dioxide

Carbon enters

Plants on land and water

Carbon enters

Plants do photosynthesis and produce sugar (CO2 + H2O ———— C6 H12 O2)

Carbon Return ways

Cellulose Respiration and Decomposition by bacteria

Cellulose Respiration (1)

Converts food to energy

Cellulose Respiration (2)

O2 + C6 H12 O6 ———— H20 + CO2

Carbon returns

Combustion of organic material

Nitrogen Cycle Facts (1)

Found as a gas N2

Nitrogen Cycle Facts (2)

78% of atmosphere

Nitrogen Cycle Facts (2)

Used to make protein

Nitrogen Gas as Element

N2

Nitrogen Stored (1)

NH3 (ammonia) in legumes

Nitrogen Stored (2)

Soil or water as NO3 (nitrates) or NO4 (nitrites)

Nitrogen Stored (3)

Plants and animals as protein

How legumes work (1)

NH3 in legumes

How legumes work (2)

Excess NH3 (ammonia) released to soil and water

how legumes work (3)

Bacteria convert NH3 to NO2 or NO4

Soil or water as nitrates or nitrites

Plants absorb and convert into protein

Plants and animals as protein

Waste or decomposition puts NH3 back into soil or water

Nitrogen Returns (1)

Ammonia to N2 gas

Nitrogen Returns (2)

Cyanobacteria can convert ammonia to N2 gas

Nitrogen Enters Ways

Biological Fixation and lightning fixation

Biological Fixation (1)

Legumes

Biological Fixation (2)

Beans, peas, nuts, soy, clover, alfalfa or nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots

Biological Fixation (3)

N2 gas to NH3

Lightning Fixation (1)

Bond together

Lightning Fixation (2)

N2 gas to NH3

Nitrogen Works Process 1 (1)

Atmosphere: N2 ——-gas, comes out of atmosphere and turns into

Nitrogen Works Process 1 (2)

NH3 (ammonia), land/water (can turn into)

Nitrogen Works Process 1 (3)

NO3 or NO4 nitrates, nitrites

Nitrogen Works Process 1 (4)

Plants/animals Protein, turns back into soil (ammonia)

Nitrogen Works Process 2 (1)

Atmosphere: N2 —— gas (comes out of atmosphere and turns into

Nitrogen Works Process 2 (2)

NH3, ammonia, (land/water (can turn intO)

Nitrogen Works Process 2 (3)

Nitrates or nitrites

Nitrogen Works Process 2 (4)

Some backer can go back to atmosphere, then goes back into atmosphere

Phosphorus Cycle Facts

Atom: smallest amount of element, compound: molecule is smallest part

Phosphorus Cycle Facts

Phosphorus in laundry detergent was taken out because caused algae blooms

Element Definition

Can't be broken down to anything simpler, basic building blocks of life

Phosphorus Enter as

Rarely a gas

Phosphorus Enter Ways

Erosion, decomposition/animal waste

Erosion (1)

Rocks are eroded and release phosphates (type of phosphorus, PO3 and PO4(

Erosion (2)

Rock Types: Apatite, limestone

Decomposition/Animal Waste

Releases phosphates to soil and water

Phosphorus Stored 1

Bodies of plants and animals

Phosphorus Stored 2

Soil and water

Phosphorous Stored 3

Animals obtain phosphorus by eating plants or animals that have eaten plants with phosphorus

Phosphorus Return (1)

Combustion of organic matter (to atmosphere, rarely happens)

Phosphorus Return (2)

Mainly cycles between plants and animals and the soil and water

Carbon Cycle

Process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water and organisms

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Only organisms that can fix atmospheric nitrogen into chemical compounds (few species)

Nitrogen Cycle

Process in which nitrogen is cycled between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms

Phosphorus Cycle

Movement of phosphorous from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment (slow, phosphorous rarely occurs as gas)

Living thinks that are able to take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it in to a useable form of carbon

Phytoplankton, trees, shrubs, legumes

Carbon is an essential component of these things which are necessary for life

Sugar, fats and oils, carbohydrates

What is the useable form by plants

Glucose (sugar)

How does carbon dioxide converted into a useable form by plants stay in the ecosytem

Short term of bodies of plants and animals, sugars, fats, soils and then long term like carbon sinks, limestone, fossil fuels

Cellular Respiration

Converts food to energy, takes oxygen and glucose and converts to carbon dioxide, oxygen, water and energy. (O2 + C6 H12 O6 —— H2O + CO2)

What organisms use cellular respiration

Living organisms

What process occurs naturally and by humans that compels the carbon cycle (main one)

Combustion of organic material, fossil fuels. The two lesser ones are decomposition by bacteria, cellular respiration.

Nitrogen is an essential building block of what molecule

Portein

Nitrogen can't be used directly from the atmosphere by almost all organisms on Earth. What organisms processes the ability to use it directly

Nitrogen fixing bacteria found in the roots of legumes, clover, nuts, soy, alfala

Bacteria in roots of plants convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere in to this nitrogen compound known as

Ammonia, NH3

How do plants that don't have bacteria in the roots receive nitrogen

Absorb NO3 and NO4 and then turn it into protein. The ammonia then decomposed plants and animals poles their waste turns into soil and water, then bacteria, then NO3 and NO4

How does nitrogen return to the atmosphere from the soil or water

Cyanobacteria take ammonia back to atmosphere