alkenes

Covalent bond

Forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons and thr atomic orbitals from two atoms overlap

Sigma bonds

-the overlapping of two orbitals

-single bonds are always sigma bonds- easier to form as maximise overlap

-higher level of attraction between nuclei and shared electrons- strong bond

-free to rotate

Pi bonds

Half filled lorbitals can bend inwards and overlap sideways

-unable to rotate freely

-weaker than sigma bonds as the electrons are further away from the nucleus

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes

-the pi bond is weaker than the sigma bond and is broken first

-this also means that double bonds are stronger than single bonds but not double the strength