Language of Medicine Chapter 13

Blood System

Blood

transports nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body

PLASMA:

• water

• proteins

• sugar

• salts

• hormones

• lipids

• vitamins

Serum

Liquid ontop AFTER blood has clotted and has no non-clotting factor

Plasma

Liquid ontop of NONCLOTTED blood because it has anticoagulants

POLL EVERYWHERE:

_________ is the liquid fraction in which the clotting factors are removed (emptied) in the blood

A. Plasma

B. Serum

C. Blood

D. Lymph

B. Serum

POLL EVERYWHERE:

_________ is the liquid fraction in which the clotting factors are still present (retained)

A. Plasma

B. Serum

C. Blood

D. Lymph

A. Plasma

POLL EVERYWHERE:

The liquid portion staying above the blood clot after centrifugation shall be named _________.

A, Plasma

B. Serum

B. Serum

Leukocytes

ONE OF THREE MAIN GROUPS OF BLOOD CELLS

White Blood Cells- fights infection, no color because it lacks hemaglobin

five different kinds of leukocytes divided into 2 categories

PAY ATTENTION TO SHAPE AND COLOR

Granulocytes- have chunky granules in cytoplasm

Basophil

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)- no chunky granules in cytoplasm

Monocyte/ Macrophage

Lymphocyte

Granulocytes

Type of Leukocyte that has granules in cytoplasm

(Basophil, Neutrophil, and Eosinophil)

Can tell by if there is an equal volume between nuclei and cytoplasm

Nuclei is bizarre/ C shape- split between multiple circles

Agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)

Type of Leukocyte that does not have granules in cytoplasm

(Monocyte, Macrophage, Lymphocyte)

Can tell by a bigger nuclei, smaller cytoplasm

Have rounder shape (hard boiled egg)

Basophil

Granulocyte, PURPLE

Act in allergic reactions. They are developed into effector cells (in tissues) and then re-named as mat cells that release histamine

Can be activated and then developed into MAST cells

Histamine released from granules in mast cells are associated with allergic responses

Alkaline PH

Neutrophil

Granulocyte, PALE

Are phagocytes for ingesting bacterial cells. Elevated during bacterial infections

They are the most abundant type of white blood cell-important in IMMUNE SYSTEM

One of the first responders of inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of infections, by eating bacterial cells- PHAGOCYTOSIS

Neutral PH

Eat infections

Eosinophil

Granulocyte, RED

Contain toxic compounds to defend against infections by parasites and worms. They increased in number in allergic conditions

Responsible for combating multicellular parasites infections

They are increased in number in allergic reactions (ex: asthma)

Acidic PH

Monocytes

Agranulocytes

Are further matured into effector cells called macrophages

Macrophages are better phagocytes compared to the original monocytes

Eat infections

Lymphocytes

Agranulocytes

Are for combining viral infections. Elevated during viral infections. They also produce antibodies

Round oval shape, surrounded by small cytoplasm- HARD BOILED EGG

POLL EVERYWHERE:

In order to make blood smear and view the individual blood cell, what type of speciman shall be used?

A. Upper layer of the tube that was NOT added with anticoagulants

B. Lower level of the tube that was NOT added with anticoagulants

C. Upper layer of the tube that was added with anticoagulants

D. Lower layer of the tube that was added with anticoagulants

C. Upper layer of the tube that was added with anticoagulants

POLL EVERYWHERE:

The liquid portion of the blood tube where the specimen was taken from, shall be best named as ____.

A. Plasma

B. Serum

A. Plasma

POLL EVERYWHERE:

Which of the following are agranulocytes:

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

POLL EVERYWHERE:

Which of the following are granulocytes:

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

POLL EVERYWHERE:

The following leukocytes are made by the myeloid stem cell, EXCEPT

A. Neutrophils

B. Monocytes

C. Lymphocytes

D. Eosinophils

E. Basophils

C. Lymphocytes

Allergic reactions

Basophils open and release histamine

interactions between mast cells (from basophils) and the allergen associated IGE antibodies can trigger allergic reactions