protein production and cytoskeleton

where are proteins made

ribosomes

where do the proteins created by the RER go

excreted or attached to the cell membrane

where do the proteins that are made by the free ribosomes go

stay in the cytoplasm

What happens at the RER

new proteins are folded and processed

how are proteins transported to the Golgi apparatus

in vesicles

what happens at the golgi appartus

the proteins undergo further processing (eg sugar chains are trimmed)

How do the proteins exit the golgi

They enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell

What is the cytoskeleton

the network of protein threads running through the cytoplasm. The protein threads are arranged as microfilaments and microtubules

4 main functions of the cytoskeleton

• support the cell organelles and keep them in permission

• help to strength the cell and maintain its shape

• responsible for the movement of materials within the cell (eg when chromosomes separate)

• the proteins of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move. For example, the movement of the cilia and flagella is caused by the cytoskeleton protein filament in in single cells thagt have flagellum eg, sperm cells, the cytoskeleton propels the whole cell

diagram of protein production in a cell