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Schedules of Reinforcement
A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
Continuous Reinforcement
Desired behavior is reinforced each and every time it occurs
Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement
The response is reinforced only part of the time
Fixed-Ratio
Response is reinforced only after a specific number of responses
Variable-Ratio
Response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
Fixed-Interval
The first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed
Variable-Interval
Occur when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Observational Learning
The process of learning through watching others, retaining the information, and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed
Mirror Neurons
Nervous system cells that fire both when an organism itself is doing behavior and also when observing another organism doing the behavior
Latent Learning
One can learn something, but not show the behavior right away
Cognitive map
A mental representation that allows an organism to acquire, store, and recall information in a real or spatial environment
Learned Helplessness
A mental state in which an organism continues to experience a painful, unpleasant, or aversive stimulus
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