Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment (Part I)

Heliocentric Theory

The sun is the center of the universe

Geocentric Theory

The Earth is the center of the universe

Scientific method

A systematic approach to solving problems by following logical steps to prove or disprove a theory

Copernicus

The first 16th century scholar to propose the heliocentric theory

Galileo

Put under house arrest for promoting the heliocentric theory

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

Invention of printing press, increase in travel and exploration, medieval universities adding courses in math and science, ancient manuscripts showed that authorities often disagreed

Social Contract

The idea that people should give up some of their rights in exchange for law and order

Impact of the Enlightenment

a belief in progress, a more secular outlook, faith in science, importance of the individual

What philosopher contradicted the ideas of the U.S. Constitution?

Hobbes

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments of the Constitution

Montesquieu

Checks and Balances

Separation of Powers

Montesquieu

Wollstonecraft

Women's rights

Reforms for the justice system

Beccaria

Religious freedom

Voltaire

Voltaire

Freedom of speech

Locke

Natural Rights of life, liberty, property

Hobbes

All humans are naturally selfish and wicked

Beccaria

End torture, abolish capital punishment

Best type of government is an absolute monarchy

Hobbes

Best type of government is a direct democracy

Rousseau

Secular

non religious

Monarchs who embraced the Enlightenment ideas

enlightened despots

Scientific Revolution

A new way of thinking about the natural world

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 1700s that stressed reason, thought, and the power of the individual to solve problems