National UNIFICATIONS and Diplomatic Tensions [AP Euro Review—Unit 7 Topic 3]

Chapter 21/2

What was the significance of the Crimean War in European history?

It marked the end of a long period of peace in Europe and broke up the Concert of Europe, altering power relations among states.

What year did the Crimean War begin?

1853

What were the main causes of the Crimean War?

Religious tensions in the Ottoman Empire and political motives to weaken the empire, especially by France and Russia.

Who were the key players in the Crimean War?

Russia against the Ottomans, who were supported by Britain and France.

What role did Count Cavour play in Italian unification?

He was the Prime Minister of Piedmont who led efforts for unification by forming alliances and strengthening the army.

What was the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italian unification?

He was a military leader who unified Southern Italy and handed sovereignty to Victor Emmanuel II of Northern Italy.

What was Otto von Bismarck known for?

He was the Chancellor of Prussia and a master of realpolitik, known for his political maneuvers to achieve German unification.

Which war did Bismarck provoke to unify Germany?

The Franco-Prussian War.

What was the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War?

Kaiser Wilhelm I was crowned King of Germany, completing the unification process.

What was the Three Emperors' League?

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia that aimed to control Eastern Europe.

What did the Reinsurance Treaty establish?

A promise of neutrality between Germany and Russia unless one was involved in a war against France or Austria.

What tensions arose in the Balkans during this period?

Growing nationalist sentiments led to conflicts and two wars, the First and Second Balkan Wars, exacerbating divisions.

What was the Congress of Berlin?

A meeting organized by Bismarck in 1878 to address issues in the Balkans, focusing on great power politics rather than nationalist desires.

What ultimately led to World War One according to the lecture?

The complex web of alliances and the unresolved tensions in the Balkans fueled by nationalist movements.