chapter 28

1954

“Under God” added to the Pledge of Allegiance

1968

Martin Luther assassinated

1969

first man on the moon

1973

Roe v. Wade legalized abortion

jonas salk

introduced the polio vaccine in 1955

albert bruce sabin

perfected the polio vaccine in pill form

maurice ralph hilleman

developed over 40 vaccines

smoking

fill in the blank

In the 1950s, _______ was discovered a cause of cancer

national cancer act

provided federal funding for cancer research

• james watson

• francis crick

determined that DNA is shaped as a double helix

human genome project

sought to identify all of the approximately 24,000 genes in human DNA

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging; developed in the 1970s

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

identified as a major concern for veterans

sputnik 1

first manmade satellite; developed by Russia

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

explorer 1

first US satellite

project mercury

single-manned space flights

alan b. shepard jr.

first American man in space

john glenn

first American to orbit the earth

1969

Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong (first to step on the moon), Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins traveled to the moon

neil armstrong

first to step on the moon

• buzz aldrin

• michael collins

accompanied neil armstrong on the apollo 11 mission in 1969

columbia

reusable space “plane”

challenger

fill in the blank

The __________ explosion was a great tragedy of space exploration in 1986

hubble space telescope

fill in the blank

the _______ _______ ________ was developed in 1990

color television

fill in the blank

The greatest technological marvel during the Cold War was _____ ________ (NBC, CBS, and ABC were in operation)

microchips

fill in the blank

__________ made it possible to create smaller computers

international business machines (IBM)

first company to dominate the computer industry

microsoft

fill in the blank

________ Corporation was created to make systems for personalized computers

• bill gates

• paul allen

introduced Microsoft and the Windows operating system

• steve jobs

• steve wozniak

created Apple Computers Inc.

communication satellites

satellite dishes, fiber optics, and Global Positioning System (GPS) developed

advanced research projects agency (ARPA)

created in response to Sputnik 1 and led to ARPANET

world wide web (WWW)

invented by Tim Berners Lee and Robert Cailliau

brooklyn battery tunnel

underwater tunnel connecting Brooklyn and Manhattan, NY

interstate highway system

fill in the blank

with transportation, the _________ ________ _______ was developed

age of the automobile

fill in the blank

The 1980s was called the “____ ___ ____ __________”

federal aviation administration (FFA)

improved safety and regulated the country’s air lanes

rosa parks

refused to give up her seat on the public bus and sparked the civil rights movement

martin luther king jr.

lawyer to Rosa Parks and leader of the Civil Rights Movement

southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC)

organized by Martin Luther; pledged itself to nonviolent resistance

freedom riders

toured the South by bus and protested segregation laws

james meredith

first black American to attempt to enroll in all white University of Mississippi

university of mississippi

fill in the blank

james meredith was the first black American to attempt to enroll in all white __________ ___ _________

I have a dream

fill in the blank

Martin Luther’s “__ _____ __ _______” speech was the most dramatic moment in the civil rights movement

nonviolent movements

fill in the blank

Martin L. King was best known for ________ ________ to end discrimination

1968

James Earl Ray assassinated Martin L. King

james earl ray

who assassinated MLK?

black panthers

militant black-American separatist group

malcolm x

considered MLK’s methods too peaceful; main leader of black American radical groups

hawks

supported the fight against communism

doves

opposed the war against communism

• kent state university

• Jackson state college

fill in the blank

_____ ______ ________ and ________ ______ _______ showed results of violent war demonstrations

equal pay act (1963)

prevented women from earning less than what men were paid for the same task

roe v. wade (1973)

case which legalized abortion

rachel carlson

published Silent Spring

earth day

a day set aside to raise awareness for environmentalism

engel v. vitale

forbade public schools from conducting prayers

abington school district v. schempp

applied restrictions to Bible reading in schools

madalyn murray o’hair

used her son to protest Bible reading and the recitation of the Lord’s prayer in public schools

hippie lifestyle

a movement to erode the values of traditional American culture

rock music

fill in the blank

_____ ______ became very popular for advocating immoral lifestyles through its lyrics and culture

baby boomers

fill in the blank

The generation of 1950s-1960s became known as ______ ________

mccarran-walter act

outlined new American immigration policies

1. suburbs

2. levitt and sons co.

fill in the blank

________ became popular during this time (ex.: Levittown by _______ ____ ______ ___.)

toy

fill in the blank

during the 1960s, the ____ industry nearly tripled in size

microwave

fill in the blank

the first ________ was introduced in the 1940s

theodore geisel

popular writer known as Dr. Seuss

harper lee

To Kill a Mockingbird

abstract expressionism

fill in the blank

_______ ____________ became a popular form of art in the mid-20th century

jackson pollock

popularized drip paintings

norman rockwell

famous painter of scenes of everyday American life

walter cronkite

“the most trusted man in America”

• bonanza

• gunsmoke

fill in the blank

westerns like _________ and _________ were popular in the 1970s and 1980s

jackie robinson

first black American to play on a major league team

hank aaron

best known for breaking Babe Ruth’s home run record

walker “sugar ray” robinson

best pound-for-pound boxer of all time

muhammad ali

greatest heavyweight boxer of all time

jim brown

considered one of the greatest running backs of all time

• national hockey league (NHL)

• national basketball association (NBA)

fill in the blank

the ________ _______ _______ and the ________ _________ _________ were popularized during the Cold War

jack nicklaus

golf’s greatest star of the television era

miracle on ice

American Olympic hockey team defeated Soviet Russia in 1980s olympics

1954

Congress legalized adding “one nation under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance; Eisenhower was president

eisenhower

who was president when “one nation under God” was legalized to the pledge of allegiance?

missions without borders

fill in the blank

________ ______ ________ worked to provide spiritual aid to Eastern Europe (Underground Evangelism)

voice of the martyrs

started by Richard Wurmbrand (prisoner in Communist Romania); a ministry to people living behind the Iron Curtain

richard wurmbrand

prisoner in communist romania that started the voice of the martyrs

bicentennial celebration

America celebrated her 200th birthday in 1976