Pathogens, disease, and epidemiology-chapter 14

human microbiome

The collection of fungi, bacteria, Archaea and viruses that are found on the human body

microbial antagonsim

uses nutrients, attach to body surface, release wastes that are toxic to other organisms; competition against pathogens

opportunistic pathogens

when microbes enter, where there not supposed to be and cause harm

whats the importance of the human microbiome

crucial for human health, vital roles in digestion, immune system development, protection against pathogens

does every person have the same microbiome

no, we all come into the world with different microbiome

does every part of the human body have the same microbiome

no, the microbiome on your face, is different than what’s on your foot

acute disease

rapid onset, brief

chronic disease

slow onset, continual or recurrent

latent disease

inactive for a long time

contamination

aquire microbes, which may or may not cause disease

infection

microbes has successfully invaded the body’s defense

how does a human obtain their microbiome

microbes are everywhere, from the time of birth your adapting to what your normal flora and infectious flora is

list 3 types of reservoirs of infection in humans

animal resevoirs

human carriers

nonliving resevoirs

list the portals of entry

skin, mucus membranes, placenta

parenteral route of infection

broken skin, insect bites

describe the 5 stages of infectious disease

incubation

prodromal

illness

decline

convalescence

distinguish b/w signs and symptoms of a disease

symptoms is how a patient feels; cant be measured, signs can be seen or measured

at what stage of infection disease,can a person be infectious

depends on what they have, could be whole duration or just point of illness, or even when there not showing signs anymore

asymptomatic infection

when a disease has no symptoms(but may have signs)

describe the main types of virulence factors

an adhesion mechanism

extracellular enzymes

toxins

antiphagocytic factors

list the portal of exit that pathogens use

skin

mucus membrane

body secretions

body wastes

list the 3 modes of transmission and their subcategories

contact; direct/indirect contact, droplet

vehicle; airborne, waterborne, foodborne, bodily fluid

vector; biological,mechanical vectors

list examples of each mode of transmission

describe the importance of epidemiology to human health

its the study of disease in a population, it helps track incidence of disease around the world