APSUH Unit 1 quick cards

Q: What crop allowed Pueblo & Southwest societies to thrive?

A: Maize (corn) through irrigation.

Q: What were the “3 Gs” of European exploration?

A: God

Q: What was the Columbian Exchange?

A: Transfer of plants

Q: Give an example of a crop from the Americas to Europe in the Columbian Exchange.

A: Potatoes

Q: Give an example of an item from Europe to the Americas in the Columbian Exchange.

A: Horses

Q: What was the encomienda system?

A: A Spanish labor system that granted settlers Native labor in exchange for “protection” and Christianization.

Q: Who criticized Spanish treatment of Native Americans?

A: Bartolomé de Las Casas.

Q: Who defended Spanish conquest and claimed Natives were inferior?

A: Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda.

Q: Which European nation prioritized fur trade and alliances with Native Americans?

A: France.

Q: What was the first permanent English settlement? Year?

A: Jamestown

Q: Which Native confederacy in the Northeast had advanced political organization?

A: The Iroquois Confederacy.

Q: What Native culture built large mounds in the Mississippi River Valley?

A: The Mississippian (Cahokia) culture.

Q: How did the horse change Native life on the Great Plains?

A: Made tribes more mobile and improved hunting efficiency.

Q: What was the demographic impact of European diseases on Native Americans?

A: Up to 90% population decline in some areas.

Q: What economic system drove European colonization and trade in this period?

A: Mercantilism.