PRELIMS - CHN

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research

What does COPAR stand for

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

is a specialized field of nursing practice, Greatest good for the greatest number", Health-promotive & disease-preventive

COMMUNITY

is seen as a group or collection of locality based individuals interacting in social units and sharing common interest characteristics, values, and or goals

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Special field of nursing that combines skills of nursing (ADPIE) public health.

Function as part of total public health programs for: Promotion of health Improvement of condition Rehabilitation of illness Sense of unity or belonging Exhibit a commitment to one another

GEOPOLITICAL COMMUNITIES

Also called a territorial community

Are most traditionally recognized

Defined or formed by both natural and man-made boundaries and include barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, and nations

PHENOMENOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Also called functional communities.

Refer to relational, interactive groups, in which the place or setting is more abstract, and people share a group perspective or identity based on culture, values, history, interest and goals

is based on the worth and dignity of man

"The philosophy of community health nursing is based on the ____ and _____ of man

THE CORE

Represents the people that make up the community Most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of a communit

Housing, Education, Fire and Safety, Politics and Government, Health, Communication, Economics, Recreation

Eight Subsystems of the Community

People

Population variables that affect the health of the community include: size, density, compositon, rate of growth or decline, cultural characterisitcs, mobility, social class, educational level

Social System

is the patterned series of interrelationships existing between individuals, groups, and institutions and forming a coherent whole

CLINICIAN/ DIRECT CARE PROVIDER

Ensure that health services are provided, not just to individuals and families but also to groups and population

EDUCATOR

is especially useful in promoting the public's health, Has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher yield results o Is significant because wider audience can be reached

ADVOCATE

Community health nurse often must act as advocate pleading the cause or acting on behalf of the client group

MANAGERIAL ROLE

As a manager the nurse exercises administrative direction towards the accomplishment of specified goals

CASE MANAGEMENT

Systematic process by which the nurse:

o Assesses clients' needs

o Plans for and coordinates services

o Monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients multiple service needs are met

COLLABORATOR

Work with many people including clients, other nurses, physicians, social workers and community leaders, therapist, nutritionist, occupational therapists, epidemiologists, legislators, etc. as a member of health team

LEADER

Nurse directs

o Influences or persuades others to effect change that will positively affect people's health

o Primary function is to effect change; thus, the community health nurse becomes an agent of change.

Comprehensive

community diagnosis that aims to obtain general information about the community or a certain population group b. From the scratch

Problem - Oriented

community diagnosis that is a type of assessment that responds to a particular need

Demographic Variables ● Socio-Economic and Cultural Variables ● Health and Illness Patterns ● Health Resources ● Political/Leadership Pattern

ELEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSIS

OMAHA SYSTEM

is a research-based, comprehensive practice and documentation standardized taxonomy designed to describe client care

Problem Classification Scheme, Intervention Scheme, Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes

Components of Omaha System

environmental, psychosocial, physiological, health related behaviors)

the first level is composed of 4 domains : ___, ___, ___, ___

The second level

consists of problems or areas of concern under four domains

The third level

the problem or area of concern, is classified according to two sets of qualifiers

1. Teaching, Guidance, and Counselling

2. Treatments and Procedures

3. Case Management

4. Surveillance

what are the categories under intervention scheme

Knowledge, Behavior, Status

PROBLEM RATING SCALE FOR OUTCOMES

Nature of the Problem, Magnitude of the Problem, Modificability of the Problem, Preventing Potential, Social Concern

Criteria under the System of scoring

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

"a means of examining aggregate and social statistics in addition to the knowledge of the local situations, in order to determine the health needs of the community is called as community assessment or situational analysis process used to determine the health status of the community

Significance of the Problem

based on the number of the people in the community affected by the problem or condition o disease condition/ potential problem

Community Awareness

related to the priority that the community gives to the health concern

Ability to Reduce Risk

Is related to the availability of expertise among the health team and the community itself.

Cost of Reducing Ris

the nurse has to consider economic social, and ethical requisites and consequences of planned action

Ability to Identify the Target Population

matter of availability of data sources such as FHSIS, census, survey reports, and/ or case finding or screening tools

Availability of Resources

To intervene in the reduction of risk entails technological, financial and other material resources of the community, nurse, and the health agency

HEALTH STATUS PROBLEMS

May be described in terms of increased or decreased morbidity, mortality or fertility

HEALTH RESOURCES PROBLEM

They may be described in terms of lack f or absence of manpower, money, materials, or institutions necessary to solve health problems

HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS

They may be described in terms of existence of social economic environmental and political factors that aggravate illness inducing situations in the community

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

Process of educating and mobilizing members of the community to enable them to resolve community problems

it entails harnessing and developing the community's capacities to recognize a community problem, identify and implement solutions, and monitor and evaluate the efforts in resolving the problem

People-centered, Participative, Developmental, Process Oriented, Democratic

Core Principles in Community Organizing

Community Profiling

A comprehensive description of the needs of a population that is defined, or defines itself, as a community, carried out the active involvement of the community itself

Integration

Process of living with the people, understanding their problems, undergoing their hardships, and sharing their hopes and aspirations to help build mutual trust and cooperation

A Progressive Cycle of ACTION - REFLECTION - ACTIO

Which begins in small, local, and concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and reflection of and on the action taken by them

CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING

Through experiential learning is central to the COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and which enriches succeeding action

COPAR IS PARTICIPATORY AND MASS-BASED

Because it is primarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless, and the oppressed.

Integration Social Investigation Tentative Program Planning Groundwork Meeting Role Play Mobilization or Action Evaluation Reflection Organization

CRITICAL STEPS/CRITICAL ACTIVITIES IN COPAR

PRE-ENTRY PHASE

The initial phase of the organizing princess where the community organizer looks for communities to serve/help.

Entry Phase

which phase is the foundation of COPAR

Boarder Style

Recommended integration style

SOCIAL ANALYSIS

The process of gathering, collating, and analyzing data to gain extensive understanding of community conditions help in identification of problems of the community and determining the root cause of this problem

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHAS

Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings

MOBILIZATION PHASE

Refers to implementation of the community's planned projects and programs.

ORGANIZATION-BUILDING PHASE/ COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

This phase entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementing, and evaluating community wide activities

This phase also involves the conduct of training to develop the KSA of leaders in managing the health program.