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Hooke’s Law

stress is proportional to strain

Strength of materials

Deals with the relation between externally applied loads and internal

Continuous Beam

A type of beam with at least three or more supports.

Simple Beam

A beam that is simply supported at both ends.

Beam Deflection

The second moment of area is an important value used to calculate deflection.

vector quantities

Quantities having both magnitude and direction.

moment

Measure of the tendency of a force to make a rigid body rotate.

Concurrent Forces

A force system whose line of action passes through a common point.

Centroid

Also called the axis of zero stress.

Free Body Diagram (FBD)

A sketch of a body completely isolated from its surroundings.

Proportional Limit

The safe load a material can carry.

Triangular Load

A load whose intensity increases or decreases at a constant rate.

True

T or F:

A definite amount of matter whose parts are fixed relative to each other is a RIGID BODY

Fixed Beam

A beam restrained at both ends.

Determinate Beam

A cantilevered beam.

Principle of Transmissibility

The external effect of a force on a rigid body is the same for all points along its line of action.

Torsional Stress

Stress produced when a machine shaft is subjected to torque.

Area Moment of Inertia

Can be calculated using a rectangular coordinate system to define the area moment around the axis.

Equilibrium

The state or condition in which the resultant of all forces is zero

Modulus of Elasticity

The slope of the stress strain

Reaction Force

Force that inhibits change in the state of movement of a body.

Varignon’s Theorem

States that the moment of a resultant of two concurrent forces about a point equals the sum of the moments of its components about the same point.

Strain

Deformation caused by stress.

Newton

The SI unit of force.

Pascal

The SI unit of stress.

Yield Point

It is a point on the stress-strain diagram in which there is an appreciable elongation of the material without any corresponding increase of load.

Ultimate Strength

The highest ordinate on the stress-strain curve as maximum strength

Elastic Limit

The stress beyond which a material does not return to its original shape when unloaded.

Factor of Safety

The ratio of ultimate or yield strength to allowable strength

Centroidal Axis

An axis passing through the centroid of an area.

Concentrated Load

A load acting over a small distance, assumed to act at a point.

Newton’s 3rd Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Parallelogram Law

The resultant of two forces is the diagonal formed on the vectors of these forces.

Bearing Stress

Contact pressure between separate bodies

Cantilever Beam

A beam fixed at one end and free at the other.

Truss

A structure made of two-force members; all pin is connected at joints / each other

Overhanging Beam

A beam with one or both ends extending beyond its supports.

Shear Stress

Stress caused by forces acting parallel to the resisting area

Neutral Axis

In a beam, the layer that neither elongates nor shortens during bending.

Beams

Members in structures primarily designed to resist bending moments

Columns

Vertical structural members that resist axial compressive loads.

Statics

The study of bodies at rest or moving at constant velocity.

Dynamic Body

A body under varying motion due to unbalanced forces.

Equilibrium Equation for a Particle

A particle is in equilibrium if the resultant of all forces acting on it is zero.

System of Forces

When several forces act in a given situation.

first degree; zero degree

what kind of curve is a uniformly distributed load if plotted in a shear diagram

5N

two forces 3N and 4N are perpendicular to each other, what is the resultant of the two forces?

shear

moment of inertia is used for the stress calculations of _____?

fixed beam

a type of beam that is restrained at both ends

tangetial

what stress is a bolt double shear?

KN-m

unit of torque

length

strain is deformation divided by ___?

Zero Force member

members in the truss which cannot carry loads

stable

centroid is used to determine if the building is ___?

method of joints

a method that uses FBD of joints in the structure to determine the forces in each member

rigidity

deformation is a measure of the materials _____?

break

SOM refers to the tendency of the structure not to ___?

continuous beam

a type of the beam with at least 3 or more supports

magnitude

intensity of the force

• calculate the resistance to buckling

• determine the amount of deflection in a beam

• determine the state of stress in a section

The second moment of area is an important value which is used to_________ It can also be called moment of inertia.

Concurrent, Coplanar

The action lines of all the forces are in the same plane and intersect a common point

center of gravity

a point within an object from which the force of gravity appears to act

lie somewhere along the line of symmetry

if an area has one line of symmetry, the centroid will ____?

moment

the measure of tendency of a force to a make rigid body rotate about a fixed axis

246000kPa

A 5cm-diameter 80cm long steel bar is restrained from moving. If its temperature is increased 100 deg. C, determine the induced compressive stress? For steel=11.7x10.6 per degree C, E =210GP

1.5N/mm

For a uniformly distributed load of 1.5 KN/m, what is the equivalent load of this N/mm

Stress is proportional to Strain

• Calculate the resistance to buckling

• Determine the amount of deflection in a beam

• determine the state of stress ina section

65973N

What is the allowable load in kN on a 2-cm diameter, 1m long steel rod if the maximum elongation is limited only to 0.10cm. (E for steel=210x10^kPa)

Proportional limit

The straight-line portion from the origin up to the elastic limit of the stress-strain diagram is termed as the__________.

0.00686

An elevator is suspended by a 2-cm-diameter, 30-mlongsteel cable. If twenty-five people with a total weight of 15000N, how far in millimeters does the elevator drop?

unitless

unit of strain

Hooke’s Law

In linear portion, stress directly proportional to strain is given in what law?

Modulus Elasticity

The slope of the straight line portion of the stress-strain diagram is the ratio of stress to strain is called.

it is elastic

A specimen is subjected to a load when the load is removed. The strain disappears. From this information, which can be deducted about the material?

Cantilevered Beam

A beam supported on one end and the other projecting beyond the support or wall

rubber

Which of the following is a “non-hookean” material?

• steel

• rubber

• aluminum

• copper

Newton’s First Law of Motion

If the resultant force acting on a particle is zero, the particle remains at rest (if originally at rest) or will move with constant speed in a straight line (if originally in motion)

center of gravity

the point through which the whole weight of the body acts is called _____?

1 MPa

A block 100 mm×100 mm base and 10mm height. What will be the direct shear stress in the element when a tangential force of 10 kN is applied to the upper edge to a displacement of 1 mm relative to the lower face?

Hooke’s Law

States that strain produced within elastic limits is proportional to the stress producing it.

normal stress

stress which acts in a direction perpendicular to the area

shear force diagram

a diagram which shows the variations of the axial load for all sections in the span of a beam

equilibrium

a condition in which the resultants of all forces acting on the body is zero

true

True or False: Statics of rigid bodies is the study of materials, objects, or particles at rest or moving under constant velocity

a rigid body

A combination of large number of particles in which all particles remain at a fixed distance from one another before and applying a load

+96lb; +64lb

-225.90 N

If the x-and y-components of the forces on the figure shown are -105N and -200N, respectively, what is the magnitude of the resultant force? (w/diagram)

Varignon’s Theorem

States that the moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the moments of the force’s components about_____??

tensile

when equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate, the stress produced is ____?

yielding point

stress at which extension of a material takes place more quickly as compared to the increase in load

3.33 kN

kN/m

SI unit for bending moment

weight

gravitational force / attraction of the earth acting on a body

16kN

find reaction at point A or Ra

-9

Find the computed shear at C or Vc

bending is the same at every section along its longitudinal axis

a beam is said to be uniform strength, if ____?

5250 lbs

in the figure below, if the system is in equilibrium, what is Fbc = ??

FBD

A _____ isolates a body from its surroundings, and one considers all the forces and only those forces, acting on the body

3

In a body loaded under plane stress conditions, how many independent stress components are present?

3

a man raises a 10kg joist, of length 4m, by pulling on a rope as shown in the picture. how many concurrent forces are acting upon the joist