Human Anatomy & Physiology - Anatomy of the Brain

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the anatomy and functions of the brain as presented in the lecture.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A clear, colorless liquid that fills the ventricles and canals of the CNS, bathing external surfaces.

Encephalization Quotient (EQ)

A measure of brain size relative to body size that compares the brain weights of different species.

Gray Matter

The part of the brain composed of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, which appears dull in color due to little myelin.

White Matter

The part of the brain made up of myelinated axons, which appears pearly white in color and contains nerve fibers that transmit signals.

Thalamus

An ovoid mass on each side of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

A region of the brain that controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates homeostasis, including body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Cerebellum

The largest part of the hindbrain, essential for motor coordination and some cognitive functions such as learning and emotion control.

Corpus Callosum

The thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Meningitis

An inflammation of the meninges, often caused by infection, leading to symptoms such as fever and stiff neck.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A test that monitors electrical activity in the brain by recording brain waves.

Circadian Rhythms

Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness.

Neuroglia

Supportive cells in the nervous system that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.

Limbic System

A complex system of nerves and networks in the brain associated with emotions and drives.

Dural Sinuses

Spaces between layers of the dura mater that collect venous blood and facilitate its return to the heart.

Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

Clusters of neurons located deep within the brain involved in the control of movement and coordination.

Pyramidal Decussation

The crossing of motor fibers in the medulla oblongata, resulting in contralateral motor control.