Key innovations in metazoan Evolution : Animal physiology

Phylum Porifera

Example: Sponges

Germ layer : No tissue / No organism

Symmetry : Asymmetrical

Vocabulary :

• Choanocytes: Catches food

• Amebocytes: Move nutrients

• Spicules : Spike ( hard skeleton)

• Spongin : Sponge (soft skeleton)

Intracellular : Digestion happens inside the cell

Phylum: Cnidaria

Example : Jellyfish, Corals, Sea Anemones

Germ layer : Diplobastic 2 germ players ( ectoderm and endoderm)

Symmetry: Radial symmetry

Neither protostome or deuterstome

Has true tissue

Vocabulary :

• Cnidocyte : Stinging cells

• incomplete gut : It has one opening for food in and waste out

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

• Human, worms , insects

Intracellular : Digestion happens inside the cell: The cell breaks down the food inside cell

• Porifera

Phylum : Platyhelminthes

Example : Flatworms

• Germ player : Triploblastic

• Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry

• Has true tissue / organs

• Protostome : Mouth develops first

Vocabulary:

• Incomplete gut : It has one opening for food in and waste out

• acoelomate : No body cavity ( No space for the organs )

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Intracellular : Digestion happens inside the cell: The cell breaks down the food inside cell

phylum Rotifera

Example : Tiny aquatic animals with wheel like cilia

Germ player : Triploblastic

Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry

Protostome : Mouth develops first

Vocabulary :

Complete gut : Has two openings : Mouth / Anus

Cilia : used for movement and feeding

Pseudocoelomate : False body cavity ( No ompletely)

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Mollusca

Example : Soft bodies animals / no have a shell . Snail, Chiton

Germ player : Triploblastic

Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry

Protostome : Mouth develo

Vocabulary :

Complete gut: Has two opening

Coelomate : full body cavity ( More space in the organs )

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Annelida

Example : segmented worms , Leeches , Earthworms

• Germ layer : Triploblastic

• Symmetry : Bilateral Symmetry

• Protostome : Mouth develops first

Vocabulary :

• Complete gut : Has two opening

• Chaeta : Bristles for movement

• Coelomate : Full body cavity ( More space in the organs )

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Nematoda

Example: Roundworms

• Germ player : triploblastic

• Symmetry : Bilateral Symmetry

• Protostome : Mouth develops first

Vocabulary :

• Complete gut : Has two opening

• Pseudocoelom: False body cavity

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Arthropoda

Example :Animals with jointed legs : Insect, spider, crabs, shrimp

• Germ player : triploblastic

• Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry

• Protostome : Mouth develops first

Vocabulary :

• Complete gut : Has two opening

• Coelomate Fully body cavity ( More space in the organs)

• Exskeleton : Hard outer covering

• Cuticle : Body protection

• Segmented body : body made of sections ( rings : Head, thorax, abodmen)

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Echinodermata

Example : Oceans animals : Sea star, sea cucumbers , Brittle stars, Sea urchins

• Germ player : Triploblastic

• Symmetry : Radial symmetry

• Deuterostome : Anus develops first

Vocabulary:

• Tube feet : for movemnet and feeding

• Water vascular system : Moves tube feet

• Spines : Protections

• Coelomate : Fully body cavity ( More space in the organs)

• Endoskeleton: Internal skeleton

• Complete gut : Has two opening

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

Phylum Vertebrata ( Chordata )

Example : Humans , Fish , birds, reptiles

• Germ player : triploblastic

• Symmetry : Bilateral symmetry

• Deuterostome : Anus develops first

Vocabulary :

• Gills slit : Breathing

• Nerve cord: Nervous system

• Notochord : Support

• Post-anal tail : Tail

• Complete gut : Has two opening

Extracellular: Digestion happens outside the cell : food is broken down outside the cells:

3 Germ layer

ectoderm: Outside

• Skin + nervous system

Mesoderm : middle

• Muscles + bones + blood

Endoderm: Inside

• digestive system + organs