[ Gen Bio ] Lesson 9: Stages of Mitosis

Mitosis

refers to how a cell divides to produce new cells.

Somatic Cells

Only _______ (also known as body cells) undergo mitosis.

M Phase

• The cell undergoes mitosis if it is a somatic cell or meiosis if it is a sex cell.

• It allows the cell to divide and produce new cells.

Haploid (23) and Diploid (46) Cells

The human genome has 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell. __ is the haploid number whereas __is the diploid number.

Haploid

is often represented as n

Diploid

is 2n.

Ploidy

The number of sets of chromosomes that a cell or an organism has is known as ____.

• prophase,

• (Prometaphase)

• metaphase,

• anaphase,

• telophase

The Phases of Mitosis (5)

.

All human body cells are diploid except gametes which are haploid.

.

A cell will only begin mitosis if the conditions are correct and favorable for cell division.

Prophase

• The chromatin condense into chromosomes.

• The nucleolus disintegrates.

• The mitotic spindle starts to form.

Prometaphase

• It begins after the nuclear envelope breaks down.

• The centrosomes move to opposite poles.

• The kinetochores found at the centromeres become apparent

Metaphase

• The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach and interact with the kinetochores of the chromosomes.

• The chromosomes align at the center of the cell

Anaphase

• The mitotic spindle pulls and separates the sister chromatids apart.

• The chromatids, now called daughter chromatids, are then pulled toward the opposite poles.

Telophase

• Daughter chromatids decondense.

• In animals, the boundary of the new cells is known as the cleavage furrow.

• In plants, it is known as th cell plate.

Furrow

In animals, the boundary of the new cells; In plants, it is known as the cell plate.

Cytokinesis

• will divide the cell into two.

• is not a phase of mitosis but is closely related to it.

• each of the two daughter cells will inherit a nucleus, similar genetic material, organelles, and more.

Prophase

Chromosome condensation happens in ____. Spindle formation also begins.

Prometaphase

begins after the completion of the breakdown of the nuclear envelope.

Metaphase

involves the alignment of the chromosomes in the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The sister chromatids move to the opposite poles of the cell in

Telophase

ends when two nuclei are formed in the cell.