Protein Synthesis 2

What determines your eye color based on DNA?

Eye color is determined by genetic information that codes for pigment production.

What is the process called where DNA leads to protein production?

The process is called protein synthesis.

What does mRNA stand for?

mRNA stands for messenger RNA.

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

RNA polymerase connects complementary RNA bases to the DNA to form mRNA.

Why is mRNA editing important?

mRNA editing is important to ensure the accurate production of proteins.

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them with codons on the mRNA.

What is a codon?

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

AUG codes for the amino acid methionine.

What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?

When a ribosome reaches a stop codon, it indicates that the protein building process is complete.

What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?

Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds.

What are genes?

Genes are portions of DNA.

How does DNA play a role in determining traits such as eye color?

DNA contains genes, which are portions of DNA that code for proteins. These proteins are responsible for making pigments, such as those that determine eye color. The DNA provides the genetic instructions for producing these proteins, which ultimately result in traits like eye color.

What is the process of protein synthesis and why is it essential for living organisms?

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins. It involves two major steps: transcription and translation. This process is essential because proteins are involved in numerous critical functions, such as transport, structure, enzyme activity, and protection of the body. Without proteins, life could not be sustained.

Explain the difference between transcription and translation in protein synthesis.

Transcription is the first step, where the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. This mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA out of the nucleus. Translation is the second step, where the mRNA is used as a template to assemble amino acids into proteins. This process occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

How do tRNA molecules and mRNA work together in the process of translation to build proteins?

During translation, the mRNA provides the sequence of codons (groups of three nucleotides), which tRNA molecules recognize with complementary anticodons. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid, and as the tRNA pairs with the corresponding mRNA codon, it transfers its amino acid to the growing protein chain. This process continues until a complete protein is built, following the mRNA instructions.

What is a basic description of translation?

RNA makes proteins.