Lymphatic System Basics and Clinical Relevance

Question-and-answer flashcards covering fluid dynamics, major lymphatic structures, lymph-node function, and clinical relevance to metastasis.

What is the primary purpose of the lymphatic system with respect to the cardiovascular system?

To return excess interstitial (tissue) fluid back to the bloodstream, maintaining fluid balance.

How would you describe lymphatic capillaries?

They are small, closed-ended vessels interwoven with blood capillaries that absorb interstitial fluid.

Which pressure drives fluid from an arteriole into surrounding tissue?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Which pressure draws fluid back into a venule from the tissue spaces?

Colloid (oncotic) osmotic pressure.

Name two major lymphatic collecting structures often highlighted alongside the thoracic duct.

The cisterna chyli and the right lymphatic duct (or trunk).

Into what venous location does the right lymphatic duct empty its lymph?

The right venous angle—the junction of the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins (often simplified as the right subclavian vein).

Which group of lymph nodes is most commonly checked or removed in breast-cancer metastasis?

The axillary lymph nodes.

Why does lymph flow slow down as it passes through a lymph node?

To allow time for filtering of debris, pathogens, and cancer cells by immune cells within the node.

What two broad functions does the lymphatic system serve besides fluid balance?

(1) Transporting white blood cells around the body and (2) supporting immunity by exposing pathogens to immune cells.

How can lymph nodes act as an early indicator of cancer spread?

Cancer cells can be trapped in regional lymph nodes; their enlargement or pathology may signal metastatic spread.

Why might surgeons remove entire lymph-node chains in some cancers?

Because metastasis has already reached those nodes, removal helps prevent further spread and allows accurate staging.