S03 Properties of Acids and Bases Objectives

What is the first learning objective of the lecture?

To define electrolytes, acids, and bases, and describe the effect of acid/base strength on overall dissociation.

What is the definition of an electrolyte?

Charged molecules.

What is the definition of an acid?

A proton donor ($H^+$ donor).

What is the definition of a base?

A proton acceptor ($H^+$ acceptor).

How does acid or base strength affect overall molecule dissociation?

Strong acids/bases dissociate completely, whereas weak acids/bases dissociate partially.

What is the second learning objective of the lecture?

To define pH and explain the relationship between environmental pH and pKa using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

What is the definition of pH?

The negative logarithm of hydronium ion concentration.

What equation relates the pH of the environment to the pKa value?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation ($pH = pK_a + ext{log}rac{[A^-]}{[HA]}$).

What is the third learning objective of the lecture?

To explain how buffers work to maintain constant pH and describe how acid/base titration curves illustrate buffering range.

How do buffers maintain a relatively constant pH when base is added?

The weak acid component of the buffer system neutralizes the added base.

How do buffers maintain a relatively constant pH when acid is added?

The conjugate base component of the buffer system neutralizes the added acid.

How do acid/base titration curves illustrate buffering range?

By showing a flattened region centered where $pH = pK_a$ with minimal pH variation.

What is the fourth learning objective of the lecture?

To describe the biological buffer systems that maintain pH intracellularly and extracellularly.

Which biological buffer system maintains pH extracellularly in the blood plasma?

The carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system.

Which biological buffer system maintains pH intracellularly inside cells?

Inorganic phosphate and proteins.