Términos importantes examen de AP Literatura Española

Narrador protagonista / testigo / omnisciente / en segunda persona

Narrator's role or perspective (first-person witness omniscient second-person)

Perspectiva / punto de vista

Point of view or narrative perspective

Tono

Emotional attitude of the narrator or author

Ambiente

Emotional and physical setting of the text

Trama / argumento

Storyline including exposition conflict climax and resolution

Analepsis / prolepsis

Flashback / flashforward

In media res

Story starts in the middle of the action

Metaficción

Fiction that reflects on its own fictional nature

Desdoblamiento

Division or duplication of identity within a character

Metáfora

Direct comparison without 'like' or 'as'

Símil

Comparison using 'like' or 'as'

Hipérbole

Deliberate exaggeration

Personificación / prosopopeya

Giving human traits to non-human things

Anáfora / epífora

Repetition at the beginning / end of lines

Aliteración

Repetition of consonant sounds

Asíndeton / polisíndeton

Omission / overuse of conjunctions

Enumeración

Listing of elements

Encabalgamiento

Continuation of a sentence into the next line

Gradación

Ascending or descending sequence of ideas

Antítesis / paradoja / oxímoron

Contrasting or contradictory ideas

Ironía / sarcasmo

Saying the opposite of what is meant / harsh mockery

Onomatopeya

Word that imitates a sound

Apóstrofe

Direct address to someone or something absent or abstract

Intertextualidad

Reference to other texts

Metateatro

Theater within theater

Polifonía

Multiple narrative voices

Ambigüedad

Multiple possible interpretations

Elipsis / censura

Omission of information

Lenguaje figurado / literal

Non-literal vs. literal language

Lenguaje culto / coloquial / arcaico

Formal / informal / old-fashioned language

Jitanjáfora

Nonsense or invented language

Hipálage

Transferred epithet

Calambur

Pun or wordplay

Romance

Poem with 8-syllable lines and assonant rhyme in even lines

Soneto

14-line poem with two quatrains and two tercets

Redondilla

4-line stanza with ABBA rhyme

Silva

Poem with mixed 7- and 11-syllable lines

Verso libre / verso blanco

Free verse / blank verse

Estrofa / verso / rima / métrica

Stanza / line / rhyme / meter

Realismo mágico

Magical elements in a realistic setting

Surrealismo / existencialismo

Dreamlike logic / exploration of human existence

Costumbrismo

Depiction of regional customs

Naturalismo / realismo / romanticismo

Naturalism / realism / romanticism

Modernismo / Neoclasicismo / Barroco

Modernism / Neoclassicism / Baroque

Generación del 98 / del 27

Spanish literary generations

Boom latinoamericano

Innovative Latin American narrative of the 1960s-70s

La dualidad del ser

Duality of being

La construcción del género

Gender construction

Las relaciones interpersonales

Interpersonal relationships

El tiempo y el espacio

Time and space

La creación literaria / metapoesía

Creation of literature / self-referential poetry

La espiritualidad y la religión

Spirituality and religion

La identidad cultural / el exilio / las fronteras

Cultural identity / exile / borders

El poder y la justicia

Power and justice

El viaje del héroe / transformación

Hero's journey and transformation

Canon literario

Set of works considered essential in literature

Didactismo

Moral or educational intent in literature

Alegoría

Story with symbolic meaning

Símbolo

Concrete object with abstract meaning

Sátira / parodia

Criticism or imitation through humor