SF: Chapter 26pt1

What are the 4 parts of the urinary system

kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

What is the function of the kidneys

filters blood and removes waste to form urine

What is the function of the bladder

hold urine

What is the function of the urethra

transports urine out of the body

In what cavity are the kidneys located

retroperitoneal space

The renal artery carries?

blood, waste, and water TO the kidney

The renal vein caries?

filtered blood or excess water out of the kidney

ureter function

carries excess water and toxic waste in the form of urine out of the kidney

What vertebrae do we see the kidneys extending to

T12-L3

What do the kidneys lie lateral to?

vertebral column on the posterior abdominal wall under the costal margin

Which kidney sits lower than the other

right lower than left

What are the 6 general urinary system functions

excretion, regulation of bv/bp, regulation of blood solute concentration, regulation of extracellular fluid pH, regulation of RBC synthesis, regulation of vitD synthesis

excretion def.

filtering of waste products

How much fluid is filtered a day by the urinary system

~200L

What is the regulation of bv and bp dependent on

hydration

regulation of bp and bv def.

the control of the ECF in the body by producing a large vol of dilute urine or small urine vol of concentrated urine

How does control work within the bv and bp system

If we can control blood volume, we control blood pressure through urine production

What else can be done to control bv and bp if blood pressure falls

produce Renin to split angiotensinogen to angiotensin

What ions are concentrated/regulated by the urinary system

Na, Cl, K, Ca, HCO3, HPO4, Urea

How do we regulate extracellular fluid pH

secrete a variable amount of H+ to regulate pH (acid-base)

how do we regulate RBC synthesis with the urinary system

Erythropoietin secreted by the kidneys causes RBC synthesis in the bone marrow

How do we regulate VitD synthesis with the urinary system

increasing or decreasing VitD controls blood calcium levels

What are the 3 external layers of protection for the kidneys

renal capsule, adipose tissue, renal fascia

renal capsule def.

transparent tough fibers that surround the kidneys

What is the role of the renal capsule

prevent infections from surrounding area to spread to kidney

Adipose tissue def.

perirenal fat capsule that covers the renal capsule

adipose tissue role

protects from trauma and damage while also holding the kidneys in place and provides cushioning

renal fascia def.

dense fibrous ct surrounded by adipose tissue

role of renal fascia

anchors kidneys and adrenal glands to the abdominal wall

What is the order of most superficial to most deep for the 3 protective coverings of the kidneys

1. renal fascia

2. adipose tissue

3. renal capsule

The lower kidneys, especially the right, is most susceptible to?

blunt trauma- MVA, fall, sports

What is a sign of trauma to the kidneys

hematuria