BIO A 201 - 11.19.25 Human Genetics & Variation; Behavior - Week 9 Lecture 2

Flashcards covering key concepts about human variation, genetics, and inheritance patterns discussed in the lecture.

Genetic Component

The hereditary information passed down through generations that can affect phenotypes and health outcomes.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Autosomal Chromosomes

Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an organism, where most genetic information is located.

X-linked Recessive Inheritance

A mode of inheritance in which a recessive gene is located on the X chromosome, often affecting males more than females.

Balanced Polymorphism

A situation where multiple phenotypes are maintained in a population because heterozygous individuals have a selective advantage.

Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to misshaped red blood cells, which can block blood vessels.

Thalassemia

A blood disorder that impairs the body's ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to anemia.

Homozygous Recessive

An individual with two identical recessive alleles for a specific gene, leading to a recessive phenotype.

Mitochondrial DNA

The genetic material found in mitochondria, distinct from chromosomal DNA, that can influence health outcomes.

Mutation-Selection Balance

The equilibrium that occurs when the rate of mutation introducing deleterious alleles balances with the selection removing them.

Malaria

A parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, causing high morbidity and mortality, particularly in regions where sickle cell traits are prevalent.