Chemistry- states of matter

topic 1a

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Describe the particle arrangement in a solid.

Regular arrangement, very close together, particles vibrate only.

Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid.

Random arrangement, close together, particles move around each other.

Describe the particle arrangement in a gas.

Random arrangement, far apart, particles move freely.

Which state has the most energy?

Gas

What is melting?

Solid → Liquid (at melting point).

What is freezing?

Liquid → Solid (at melting point).

What is boiling?

Liquid → Gas (at boiling point).

What is condensing?

Gas → Liquid (at boiling point).

What happens to particles when a substance changes from solid to gas?

Gain energy, move more, become more randomly arranged and spread out

What happens to particles when a substance changes from gas to solid?

Lose energy, move less, become more ordered and closer together.

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Why does diffusion not occur in solids?

Because the particles cannot move—only vibrate.

What is a solvent?

A liquid in which a solute dissolves

What is a solute?

A substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

What is a solution?

A mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve

What is solubility (with units)?

The amount of solute (in g) that dissolves in 100 g of solvent.

How does solubility of solids change with temperature?

It increases as temperature increases.

How does solubility of gases change with pressure?

It increases as pressure increases.