Chapter 6- Ionic and Molecular Compounds

transfer of electrons

all atoms want to be stable = all want 8 valence electrons

Octet rule

atoms wil gain, lose or share electrons to get to 8. doesn't happen with He because it's stable with two

Electron-Dot Diagrams (Lewis Dot Diagrams)

Shows the valence electrons distributed around the elements symbol

Metals

Lose elections and have a positive charge because they have more protons then electrons

Non-metals

Gain electrons and have a negative charge because they have more electrons than protons

Ionic Bonds

Form when a metal gives away electrons to a nonmetal forming ion

Ion

An atom with a charge (positive or negative)

Metals (ions)

Positive ion (cations)

Cations

positive symbol with a superscript of the charge after the symbol. Named after the element.

Cations formation

Formed by the lose of one or more electrons

Sodium ions (Na+)

Anions

Atoms with a negative charge

Anion formation

Nonmetals achieve an octet arrangement by gaining electrons with the electron configuration of their next noble gas

Ionic charge from group numbers

Ionic Compounds

Consist of metal cation (+) and nonmetal anion (-) and have attractions called ionic bonds between positive and negative charged ions

To name a ionic compound

Cation is named first and names the element. The anion is named second and changes the end of to -ide.

Ionic compounds consist of

Positive and negative charged ions and is electrically neutral. Net charge of 0

3 different ways

Chart, dots, crisscross

chemical formula of compounds

Gives the element symbols and a subscript telling how many each atom have

Example of the chemical formula

NaCl

Transition Metals (Groups 3-12)

Can form two or more positive ions with different ionic charges

Names of compounds with variable charge metals

Transition metals with two different ions use a Roman numeral (Roman Numeral is the charge) ex: FeCl2= Iron(II) chloride

Ionic bonds

Holds ions together in an ionic compound

Formulas for ionic compounds

Dot method, crisscross and this

polytomic ion

A group of bonded atoms (non-metals) that has an overall ionic charge

More names of polyatomic ions

Ends with ate, ite or start with bi

Ionic bonding naming

Ionic bonding bonding

Molecular compounds

Inorganic compounds that form a covalent bond where the valence electrons are shared

Molecular formulas

Shows the number of atoms that a molecule contains. A molecular formula is composed of two elements. Each and nonmetal prefixes are used to identify the number of atoms in each element.

Possibly part 2