APUSH-Unit 2: New Nation of Jefferson's Administrations
Studied by 0 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/27
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
28 Terms
3/5s Compromise
Who: Slaves
What: three out of every five slaves count for representation for votes and representation in the House of Representatives and for a state’s total population for legislative representation and 2/5 count as taxable property
Where: Connecticut
When: 1787
Why: Answer question of slavery: Are they people or property? Do slaves count for population in representation? Do slaves count as property in taxation?
How: disproportionate political power to Southern slave states, compromise N and S conflict, slave states have advantage over N states
Alien and Sedition Acts
Who: Democratic-Republicans, immigrants
What: Laws that made it more difficult for foreigners to become US citizens and limited freedom of speech
Where: Federalist-controlled Congress, US
When: 1798
Why: Federalists dominating Congress, supermajority and riding off of height of popularity and anti-French sentiment
How: Alien-limited freedom of speech and targeted FR residents in USA, prevent recent immigrants from voting, can’t use critical words against president, Sedition- can’t talk badly about the government, illegal to criticize them
Anti-Federalists
Who: Faction not in favor of strong government, NOT POLITICAL PARTY!, Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams
What: Faction (mainly commoners) who did not favor Constitution and scared of tyranny
Where: Suburban, farmers
When: 1787
Why: Afraid of strong central gov and being taken advantage of—> tyranny, federal gov has too much power, individual liberty taken away, bigger national gov=less rights for states, no written protections for natural rights
How: need a BILL OF RIGHTS to write down and reassure level of protection from kings
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Who: Native Americans and US, General “Mad” Anthony Wayne
What: “Last battle of the revolution”, last major conflict of NW territory b/w NA and US
Where: Maumee River, NW territory, Ohio country
When: 1794
Why: new states being added, territory disputes towards west
How: NA sense of unity—> tribalization, band together to go to war regardless of enemies, gave US all of Ohio after defeat of NA, also BR stops secretly supplying NA with resources because they don’t want to go to war with US
Bill of Rights
Who: Anti-federalists, Washington
What: 10 Amendments of Constitution that protect the rights and freedoms of the American people
Where: Federal Hall, NY
When: 1791
Why: Anti-feds called for written document of natural rights so they couldn’t be taken away
How: Written document, freedom of speech, press, religion
Boston Massacre
Who: British soldiers and Boston townspeople
What: Bloody confrontation between colonists and British, British soldiers killed
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
When: 1770
Why: Americans mad at British control and taxes
How: guns and killed 5 colonists
Elastic Clause
Who: Federalists, Hamilton,
What: grants Congress the right to pass laws “necessary and proper” to carry out powers specifically granted to Congress by Constitution, Loose construction, laws in Constitution can be implied and don’t necessarily have to be written in it
Where: Congress
When: 1787-1792
Why: National bank technically not in the constitution
How: Loose construction, implied powers, split of political parties starts
Election of 1800
Who: Jefferson and Adams (and Burr)
What: Election against Jefferson and Adams
Where: US
When: 1800
Why: Jefferson’s term ended
How: Bloodless revolution—> no violence and peaceful exchange of powers from rival parties
Embargo Act
Who: Jefferson and foreign countries
What: law that prohibited trade with any country (European nations)
Where: US
When: 1807
Why: Jefferson thought that the act would threaten Britain and France’s economy and would make them stop with the impressment of American sailors
How: cutting off trade with the rest of the world completely —> fail and economic depression
Federalist Papers
Who: John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Federalists
What: series of essays that pitched idea of Federalists, explained the importance of a strong central gov
Where: New York
When: 1788
Why: win over NY, VA, MA
How: called for simple majority (51 not 75%), Madison promises Bill of Rights, Federalist 10—> factions will always emerge and people will always disagree with each other, no group can dominate
Funding & Assumption
Who: Hamilton
What: payment of debts (gov bonds) at face value, federal assumption of all debts
Where: Continental US
When: 1790
Why: economy bad, foreign threats, commerce stalling, currency bad, strengthen country’s credit and commercial and military power, hoping to gain monetary and political support of upper classes
How: entice wealthy to invest in gov (old bonds) and redeem old bonds by paying back at face value, assume all state debs into one national debt so the gov always has something over the states —> permanent national debt, pay revolutionary war debts in full to bolster nation’s credit
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
Who: Sherman
What: Compromise that combined Viginia plan and New Jersey plan
Where: Connecticut
When: 1787
Why: settle dispute in drafting Constitution
How: Bicameral legislature (dividing legislative branch into two houses), representation in House of Representatives according to population while Senate gets two seats each state regardless of size, checks and balances
Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) 1774
Who: British and colonists
What: laws passed by British as punishment to Massachusetts colonists
Where: Massachusetts
When: 1774
Why: Boston tea party, BR sees as personal failure
How: revoked right of Massachusetts colony
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Who: John Jay and BR
What: treaty b/w US and BR to help ease tension and avert war
Where: BR
When: 1794
Why: settle issues that were unresolved after Am independence, end impressment of Am ships, BR also scared of FR alliance with US
How: controversial, some people think that it gave too many concessions to British, BR get out of West, compensation for impressments, open colonies in Asia for Am trade.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Who: Supreme Court
What: act that said Congress could regulate jurisdiction of all federal courts, federal court system established
Where: US
When: 1789
Why: no constitutional guidance for national court system—> make one up
How: established a federal district court in each state and three circuit courts to hear appeals, and Supreme Court has final say
Kentucky & VA Resolves 1798
Who: Jefferson and Madison
What: papers that argue Alien and Sedition Acts aren’t constitutional and violates first amendment
Where: Virgina dn Kentucky
When: 1798
Why: Reactions against Alien and Sedition Acts, Adam’s popularity stinks
How: states can declare federal acts unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Who: Jefferson and Napoleon
What: Napoleon gives 825000 acres of territory for $15 million
Where: New Orleans and control of Mississippi River
When: 1803
Why: Napoleon needs cash to fund wars in FR, and wanted to prevent BR and US alliance, warm up to US after Quasi War
How: Implied powers, not explicitly stated in constitution, explore new territory—>Lewis and Clark expedition
Marbury v. Madison
Who: Marbury, Madison, Marshall
What: court case—> Midnight Appointments, Adams appoints Marbury as supreme court justice before his term ends, but Jefferson prez now, new Secretary of State Madison doesn’t give commission for Marbury’s judge job, Marbury sues and goes to court
Where: Supreme Court
When: 1803
Why: should Madison issue commission when Marbury appointed by Adams?
How: JUDICIAL REVIEW—> not a case that should’ve come to Supreme court, SUPREME COURT CAN DECIDE TO DISMISS CASES THAT AREN’T CONSTITUTIONAL, can strike down legislation, implied powers even though not in Constitution
Newburgh Conspiracy
Who: Washington and military officers
What: military officers (Continental army) call for a coup to overthrow (confederation congress) Articles of Confederation and install Washington as a king
Where: Newburgh, NY
When: 1783
Why: Challenge authority of Confederation, frustrated with Congress’s inability to meet its financial obligations to military, broke and Cong. can’t pay soldiers
How; overthrow Congress and make Washington a monarch ruling over the country
Northwest & Land Ordinances
Who: Jefferson
What: Northwest: made boundaries for territories in NW, created a system of territorial gov and allowed territories to become states, outlawed slavery, guaranteed freedom of religion, trial by jury, future statehood
What: Land: set up townships to divide land and sell to individuals and free public education
Where: NW, where land was mainly disputed (with NA)
When: NW (1787), Land (1785)
Why: disputes for people for more land and unclaimed land
How: making townships, land surveys, boundaries for territories, appointed government, banned slavery
Philadelphia (Constitutional) Convention
Who: 55 delegates from all 13 states, Hamilton, Madison, Washington
What: delegates met to address problems of weak central gov under Articles of Confederation
Where: Philadelphia
When: 1787
Why: Articles of Confederation too weak, need stronger gov and discuss what that stronger gov is going to look like (eventually led to creation of Constitution)
How: Get rid of articles, stop inflation, make trade easier, commerce control, stronger national gov, NO FULL DEMOCRACY—> republicanism, representative gov
Pinckney’s Treaty 1795
Who: Washington, Spain
What: treaty that allows US free navigation of Mississippi River and right of deposit (access to ports) in New Orleans, right to transport (Mississippi River) and store goods in Spanish port of New Orleans
Where: Western US, Florida, New Orleans
When: 1795
Why: Spain scared of FR-Am alliance and attack, increase relations, diffuse tension, Spain doesn’t want to get involved in European war
How: consolidating borders, define Spanish Florida border, Jay’s treaty allowed of Pinckney’s to happen, resolved territorial disputes
Second Continental Congress
Who: Continental Congress
What: convention of delegates from all 13 colonies, de facto US gov
Where: Philadelphia
When: 1775
Why: right after Am Revolution began—> preparing for war and deciding who’s leading army, etc.
How: voted to adopt Declaration of Independence, independence from British, Olive Branch Petition (last attempt at peace with BR—> but completely ignored), getting alliances, urging colonies to start drafting state constitutions and laws
Shay’s Rebellion 1786
Who: Shay, rural farmers
What: uprising after revolution protesting mortgage foreclosure
Where: Massachusetts
When: 1786
Why: high taxes and economic depression among famers, MA broke, landlords raise rents
How; Weak national gov so they couldn’t do anything to respond or counterattack rebellion—> SINGLE BIGGEST FACTOR TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Stamp Act 1765 & Stamp Tax Congress
Who: Patrick Henry, British
What: Stamp Act: tax imposed by British Parliament on all paper products (to pay for the British troops in the colonies), any document that needed a stamp—>tax
Stamp Tax Congress: group of colonial delegates (9/13) propose resolutions to several colonial disagreements, protests against taxes
Where: New York City
When: 1765
Why: liberty threatened by taxes and British, infringement on rights—>revolt, protest against act
How: Hang tax collectors, organized protests, “Liberty Hall” and “Liberty Tree”
Washington’s Farewell Address
Who: Washington
What: speech announcing his decision to not run for a third term as president, stepping down from office willingly
Where: published in a Philadelphia newspaper article first
When: 1796
Why: disenchanted with rivalry between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans—> failure, exhausted from being president
How: avoid political parties—>distracts public and divides the nation even more, no permanent foreign alliances, no foreign entanglements and only when necessary, maintain commercial but no political ties—> temporary alliances and policy of isolationism
Whiskey Rebellion
Who: Pennsylvanian farmers
What: uprising of Western Pennsylvanian farmers against Whiskey tax (funding and assumption)
Where: Western Pennsylvania
When: 1794
Why: Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey—>farmers don’t like because farmers near Mississippi didn’t have access to Spain market and trade—> couldn’t make profit there so their only option was to sell grain for whiskey—> if tax then less money for them
How: Washington himself goes with 13,000 militia army to go crush rebellion—> immediately scattered and suppressed, confirmed supremacy of Federal law and authority of Washington, national government law is supreme and enforceable under the Constitution
XYZ Affair
Who: John Marshall (FR diplomat) and Talleyrand (FR minister)
What: FR refuses to meet with America unless they pay—> bribery
Where: France
When: 1798
Why: Am wanted to trade with both BR and FR, but FR. don’t like—> start attacking US ships
How: XYZ agents refuse to let Marshall see, FR not treating Ams as equals, extorting Am diplomats—> don’t tell Am what to do—> need to do something