PSYC315 - Chapter 3 (Part 1: Neurobiology)

Nerve net

original nervous system

extant

existing today

nodes

represents a common ancestor on a phylogenic tree

1) Prosencephalon

2) Diencephalon

3) Telencephalon

3 parts of the forebrain

Mesencephalon

Midbrain

Rhombencephalon

Hindbrain

Forebrain

Area of the brain that shows the most variation between vertebrates

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

Oldest evolutionary area of the brain

1) Thalamus

2) Hypothalamus

2 structures formed by the diencephalon

1) Cerebral cortex

2) Hippocampus

3) Basal ganglia

3 structures formed by the telencephalon

1) Tectum

2) Tegmentum

3) Superior colliculus

4) Inferior colliculus

5) Substantia nigra

5 structures formed by the mesencephalon

1) Medulla

2) Pons

3) Cerebellum

3 structures formed by the rhombencephalon

larger, wrinkly

As you move on in evolution, the cerebrum gets _______ & more _______

Central core

Known as the “reptilian brain”

medulla

brain structure involved in essential body functions (heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, & swallowing)

Pons

brain structure involved in cycles of wakefulness

1) Medulla

2) Pons

3) Reticular Formation

3 central core structures of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Thalamus

brain structure that serves as a relay station for incoming sensory stimuli & involved in movement

midbrain (mesencephalon)

area of the brain involved with the detection of stimuli & rudimentary interactions with the environment

Superior colliculus

brain structure involved in the detection of light differences in relation to predation

Inferior colliculus

brain region involved in the detection of sounds in relation to predation

midbrain (mesencephalon)

The superior & inferior colliculus are part of which area of the brain?

forebrain (diencephalon)

The thalamus is in which area of the brain?

limbic system

Known as the “animal brain”

1) Hypothalamus

2) Hippocampus

3) Amygdala

3 structures of the limbic system

hypothalamus

brain structure involved in feeding, fornication, flight, & fight and important in maintaining homeostasis

hippocampus

brain structure involved in memory & learning

amygdala

brain region involved in fear & anxiety

basal ganglia

brain structure associated with the reward system & addiction

front lobe

As the brain gets larger over evolution, the ___ lobe takes up comparatively more cortical space

analogous structure

similar features in different organisms that evolved independently to serve similar functions

homologous structure

structures that due to their similarity, suggest a shared common ancestor

divergent evolution

evolution by which related species evolve different traits and characteristics, but have a shared common ancestor

convergent evolution

independent evolution of similar traits in species that do not share a recent common ancestor