Romans and Galatians Exam 1

What years did Augustus reign over the Roman Empire?

27 BC - 14 AD

During whose reign was Jesus born?

Augustus

During which two emperors’ reign were the Gospels set?

Augustus and Tiberius

What years did Tiberius reign over the Roman Empire?

14 AD - 37 AD

During which emperor’s reign was the death and resurrection of Jesus?

Tiberius

What year was the death and resurrection of Jesus?

30 AD

What years did Caligula reign over the Roman Empire?

37 AD - 41 AD

Which emperor wanted to be worshipped while still alive instead of after death?

Caligula

What years did Claudius reign over the Roman Empire?

41 AD - 54 AD

Which emperor expelled all Jews from Rome and sets up the situation that Paul is writing to?

Claudius

What years does Nero reign over the Roman Empire?

54 AD - 68 AD

Which emperor was Paul eventually executed under?

Nero

What were the aspects of Roman culture?

Empire and imperial cult, Pax Romana, Idolatry, and Corporate identity (EPIC)

What are the three Jewish identity markers?

Circumcision, Sabbath-keeping, and food laws

What is the overarching story of the Bible?

Creation, Old Covenant, Christ, New Covenant, New Creation

Where does Israel fit in the overarching story of the Bible?

Old Covenant

What is the center of the overarching story of the Bible?

Christ

Where do Romans and Galatians fit in the overarching story of the Bible?

New Covenant

What book of the Bible is the oldest church history?

Acts

What book was set during the writing of Romans and Galatians?

Acts

Where does Paul usually preach first?

To Jews in their synagogue

What is the pattern of growth in the book of Acts?

Gospel is proclaimed, some become disciples. opposition arises, church separates from the synagogue and continues to grow as a mixed body

Who were the Roman emperors of the NT era?

Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, and Nero

Who of Abraham’s lineage received special promises (land, people, etc.)?

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob/Israel

What was considered a major crime in Roman culture?

Disturbing the peace

Where could idolatry be found in Roman culture?

Government buildings, public places, courtyards in homes, in houses; was very ubiquotus, widely spread

What identity was most important in Roman culture?

Corporate identity

What 4 legged animals were clean according to Jewish food laws?

Has cloven hoof and chews cud

What fish were clean according to Jewish food laws?

Has fins and scales

What insects were clean according to Jewish food laws?

Has jointed legs and hops

What birds were UNCLEAN according to Jewish food laws?

Scavengers

What were early obstacles to Jews and Gentiles “doing church” together according to Acts 10-11 and 15?

Conflicting views on food laws, circumcision, and keeping the law of Moses

What is the question in Acts 15:1-2?

Should the Gentiles who are becoming Christians have to be circumcised and follow the whole law?

What is the main subject of Acts 15?

The Jerusalem Council

What was Peter’s explanation to the Jerusalem council in Acts 15?

God showed his approval of the Gentiles by giving them the Holy Spirit, He cleansed their hearts by faith, and the Jews shouldn’t place an unbearable yoke on them

What verses does James quote when offering advice to the Jerusalem council in Acts 15?

Amos 9:11-12

What did James argue to the Jerusalem council in Acts 15?

The prophets foretold that God would rebuild his people starting with a remnant of Israel but also adding Gentiles

What verses covered the letter to Gentile Christians?

Acts 15:22-29

What does the letter to Gentile Christians in Acts 15 say?

No, the Gentile Christians don’t need to be circumcised or become Torah observant

How should Gentiles who live among Jews act according to Lev. 17-18?

They should abstain from food sacrificed to idols, eating blood, and fornication

What chapter and verse does Paul challenge the Judaizers?

Galatians 2:15

What are Judaizers?

Jewish Christians who demanded that Gentile Christians be circumcised

What is a pedagogue?

A slave assigned to care for children

What was the purpose of the Torah according to Galatians?

To train and protect, like a pedagogue

What was the church at Rome like?

An ethnically and culturally mixed church

Who does Paul address in Romans?

Gentile and Jewish Christians

What Roman emperors were most relevant to Paul’s letter to the Romans?

Claudius and Nero

Approximately when does Paul write his letter to the Romans?

56 AD

When was Paul executed by Nero?

67 AD

When was the Edict of Claudius issued?

49 AD

What did the Edict of Claudius do?

Expelled all Jews from the city of Rome

Which verse mentions the Edict of Claudius?

Acts 18:2

When do the Jews return to Rome after their exile?

54 AD

What is the book of Romans?

A deep and detailed presentation of the Gospel in order to help the Christians in Rome to deal with ethno-religious differences

What is the question of Romans?

Can they do church together?

Why does Paul write Romans?

He heard about issues he thinks he can help with

What is the theological summary of Romans?

Romans 3:23-24; “For all have sinned and fall short…”

What is the 4-part outline of Romans?

1-4 Justification by Faith, 5-8 Christian Living, 9-11 Israel’s Role in God’s Plan, 12-16 Christian Relationships

According to N.T. Wright, what is the theme of the entire book of Romans?

Assurance

According to Wright, what purpose do humans serve?

As God’s agents to guide the world as He intended

According to Wright, what is sin?

Disobedience to God

What is Wright’s idea of Israel?

It is chosen to walk more closely to God, but also illustrates the problem of sin more

What is Wright’s idea of Christ?

The ideal human and substitute sacrifice for all of humanity

According to Wright, what was purpose of the Holy Spirit?

Given to Christians to be their helper

What is Wright’s idea of a “New Heaven and New Earth”?

Many Christians have eschatology upside down; Revelation says God is going to create a new Heaven and new Earth and then come down to the New Earth

Who is the author of Romans?

The apostle Paul

What is Romans 1:1-7 about?

Salutation

What does apostle mean?

Messenger, ambassador; one sent with the authority of the sender

What does the Gospel that Paul preaches do?

Fulfills the promises in the OT prophets

What is Christ’s dual nature?

Physically a descendant of David, spiritually the Son of God

What was Paul’s special apostleship?

He was an “apostle to the Gentiles”

Who were the recipients of the book of Romans?

“saints” in Rome - Christians who have been made Holy

What was the topic of Romans 1: 8-15?

Paul’s mission plans

What were Paul’s mission plans for the church in Rome?

He prayed constantly for them, he desired to impart a spiritual gift to them, he was eager to preach in Rome

What was the topic of Romans 1:16-17?

The Power of the Gospel

What was the belief/faith in the Gospel?

Trusting reliance, submissive allegiance

How do believers become righteous?

God is righteous and grants status of righteousness to believers

What prophet said “the righteous shall live by faith”?

Habakkuk

What is the topic of Romans 1:18-32?

The Sinfulness of the Gentiles

What is the wrath of God?

The inevitable, logical response of God’s perfect justice toward all injustice

What is general revelation?

Evidence for God that is generally available to everybody everywhere

What is special revelation?

When God appears/communicates additional information to someone

Why is the whole world “without excuse”?

Creation reveals God’s eternal power and divine nature

What is a classic Jewish description of Gentile sins?

Wisdom of Solomon 13-14 in the apocrypha

What is the main problem for Gentiles?

Idolatry; not honoring God as God

How did God give the Gentiles over to their desires?

They exchanged truth for a lie and they worshipped creatures instead of the Creator

What does the list of sinful behaviors in Romans 1:26-32 show?

How far humans drift without the true God to anchor them

As culture degrades, what happens?

It begins to give approval to these sins

How is the sin of homosexuality treated?

It is forgivable and resistable, like other sins

What is part of our stewardship of the world?

Honoring God’s design, including our own bodies

According to Strange New World, how does society get to such acceptance of sin?

The modern self prioritizes feelings, authenticity becomes defined as expressing one’s subjective feelings, the sexual revolution leads to the rejection of long-standing sexual codes, and a new way of imagining what righteousness looks like becomes the social norm

How should Christians respond to this acceptance of sin in society?

Prioritizing God’s word over one’s feelings and entering the church as one’s primary community

What is the topic of Romans 2:1-29?

The Sinfulness of the Jews

What is a diatribe?

A debate with an interlocutor/imaginary opponent

What does Paul imagine in Romans 2:1-29?

A prideful Jewish response to his indictment of the Gentiles in Romans 1

What is covered in Romans 2:4?

God’s patient care for Israel does not mean that they are more righteous than the Gentiles

How is corporate identity referenced in Romans 2:1-29?

Jews as a historical body have also been guilty of the same sins as the Gentiles

What is covered in Romans 2:6-8?

Obedience matters, and our deeds are the evidence of the state of our hearts

According to Romans 2:9-11, what is God’s judgement based on?

Not ethnicity, but obedience of faith

What are the two options for translating Romans 2:14?

“by nature do what the law requires” or “by birth do what the law requires”