ORALCOMM MIDTERMS

COMMUNICATION is?

is a process

It occurs between two or more people (sender—>receiver)

Communication

How many elements of communication are there?

9

act of speaking to your own self

Intrapersonal Communication

Source of information

Sender

Converts the message into actions or other forms that the speaker understands

Encoding

Information conveyed by the speaker into words or actions

Message

The medium or means of communication

Channel

Recipient of the message

Receiver

Reactions or responses from the receiver

Feedback

where communications take place

Context

factors that affect the flow of communication

Barrier

What step is this in communication?

The speaker GENERATES an idea

1st

What step is this in communication?

The speaker ENCODES the idea into words or actions

2nd

What step is this communication

The speaker TRANSMITS or send out the message

3rd

what step is this in communication?

The receiver GETS THE MESSAGE

4th

What step is this in communication?

The receiver DECODES or interprets the message based on context

5th

what step is this in communication

The receiver send out an FEEDBACK

6th

mother of all communications, linear or one-way process

Shannon Weaver Model

missing essential element in Shannon Weaver Model

FEEDBACK

• the two-way model

• more interaction

• both sender and receiver influence the communication

Transaction Model

Communication takes place IF AND ONLY IF there are commonalities in the field of experience

Schramm Model

everything the receiver needs to hear

Completeness

direct to the point

Conciseness

only relevant information about the receiver

Consideration

support with facts

Concreteness

respect the culture, values, and beliefs

Courtesy

increases your credibility with your grammar

Correctness

act of decoding the letters, characters, or symbols

Reading

skill that you should to express ideas or concepts or feelings

Writing

writing down specific topics gathered from different sources

Brainstorming

visual symbols that express ideas, thoughts, knowledge concepts

Graphic Organizer

for comparing and contrasting concepts

Venn Diagram

allows the writer to map out their ideas

Topical Organizer

listing main parts and sub points in a hereirchal order, uses only phrases

Topic Outline

provides much more information than a Topic Outline

Sentence Outline

refers to the flow of ideas in a text

Organization

how ideas, sentences, and paragraphs are connected

Coherence & Cohesion

the acceptable style of language for a specific situation or usage of the text

Appropriate Language Use

the rules in writing

Mechanics

refers to telling a story or recounting events

Narration

uses vivid language to create a clear and detailed picture in the reader’s mind

Description

to explain a meaning, to define a term

Definition

giving examples to illustrate or clarify a point

Exemplification

involves organizing ideas or information based on a certain subject

Classification

to analyze similarities and differences of an object

Compare and Contrast

to analyze and and explain the reasons why something happens and it's results

Cause and Effect

used to identify a specific problem, analyze it impacts, and propose a solution

Problem-Solution

aimed in convincing the audience to accept a particular point of view or to change their beliefs

Persuasion

• single statement

• topic of an argument

• the thing the writer is trying to prove

Claim

Characteristics of a CLAIM

-argumentative and debatable

-specific and focused

-interesting and engaging

-logical

directly and clearly stated in a text

Explicit Claim

indirectly expressed in a text

Implicit Claim

asserts the truth or existence of something and can be tested and be debatable

Claim of Fact

argues if the thing is good or bad

Claim of Value

argument where actions should be carried out

Claim of Policy

• communication functions to control one's actions or behavior

• can be used to regulate the nature of activities people enage in

Regulation/Control

used to make social connections/build bonds, intimacy, and relationships

Social Interaction

to persuade or encourage others

Motivation

communication facilitates people's expression of their feelings

Emotional Expression

communication functions to convey information

Information Dissemination

• social, cultural, political, historical, any related circumstances take place

• time the text was written

• circumstances that produced the text

• background of a text

Context

text that is related to one or more other texts

Intertext

nonlinear way of showing information

Hypertext